Journal of Islamic Dental Association of IRAN
Volume:34 Issue: 3, Sumer-Autumn 2022

It is difficult to identify the type of odontogenic cyst in some patients. Evidence shows that difference in expression level of different cytokeratins can be helpful for detection and identification of odontogenic cysts. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytokeratin 7 (CK7) expression in radicular cysts and dentigerous cysts.

In this cross-sectional study, 20 samples of radicular cysts and 20 samples of dentigerous cysts (10 inflammatory, 10 non-inflammatory) were selected from the archives of the Oral Pathology Department of Isfahan Dental School, which had been obtained by excisional biopsy. Age and gender of patients, and loca-tion of lesion were extracted from patient records. Immunohistochemical (IHC) stain-ing for CK7 was performed and the expression level of this marker was determined based on the SID index. Data were statistically analyzed by the Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and t tests using SPSS ver-sion 24 at 0.05 level of significance.

The two groups had no significant difference regarding the mean age (P=0.785), gender (P=0.490), or lesion location (P=0.172). There was a significant dif-ference between radicular and dentigerous cysts in CK7 expression (P=0.003), and the pattern of staining (P=0.028). No significant difference was found between inflamma-tory and non-inflammatory dentigerous cysts based on CK7 expression (P=062).

Expression of CK7 may be useful for differentiation of dentigerous cyst from radicular cyst.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between stress and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) by quantification of occupational stress using the Dental Environment Stress (DES) questionnaire as well as measuring the stress markers in the saliva, including cortisol and immunoglobulin A (IgA), in fourth to sixth-year dental students of Qom Dental School.

In the present study, 60 students were included. A clinical examination was first performed using the Research Diagnostic Criteria/Temporomandibular Disorder (RDC/TMD) criteria in order to determine the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) status, and then the DES questionnaire was completed in order to determine the occupational stress level of dental students. Finally, saliva samples were obtained from the students, and the levels of salivary cortisol and IgA were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Independent t-test, ANOVA, Chi-square test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used for data analysis (alpha=0.05).

The mean salivary levels of cortisol and IgA were found to be 4.74 ± 2.80 ng/mL and 220.26 ± 121.22 µg/mL, respectively. The mean DES score was 2.48 ± 0.58. Of all students, 24 (40%) suffered from TMDs. There was no correlation between cortisol and IgA levels and the DES score (P>0.05). No significant relationship was found between TMD and salivary cortisol, salivary IgA, or DES score (P>0.05).

Stress is one of the most important causes of TMDs. Although salivary biomarkers are known as useful markers for detection of stress in patients with TMDs, this issue was not confirmed in the present study.

The heightened incidence of endodontic failure in maxillary first molars (MFMs) has been attributed to their morphological complexities notably evident in the mesiobuccal (MB) root canals. Given the absence of data on the internal anatomy of MFMs among the Iranian population, this research aimed to eval-uate the root canal system (RCS) morphology of MFMs utilizing cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

In this descriptive retrospective study, internal anatomy of 314 MFMs was evaluated on CBCT scans taken from patients attending a dentomaxillofacial radiology clinic. CBCT scans of MFMs were retrieved and interpreted by observers for their internal anatomy. Fisher’s Exact test, Chi- Square test, independent-samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze data using SPSS 26 software.

Of a total of 314 MFMs evaluated, 97.5% [95% CI: (95.7%, 99.2%)] had three roots and 67.2% [95% CI: (62.0%, 72.3%)] had four root canals; the difference in number of canals was not significant between males and females (P=0.130). In 68.4% of cases, MFMs on both sides exhibited morphological similarity. Accessory canals were more commonly encountered in individuals between 40 to 60 years of age in all roots except for MB root; whereas in MB root, ac-cessory canals were more commonly seen in 20-40 year olds. Vertucci’s types II, I and III were the most common canal types in evaluated MB roots. Vertucci’s type I was the most common type in distobuccal (DB) and palatal (P) root canals.

More than half of the MB roots of MFMs had two root canals. CBCT scans could give valuable anatomical information prior to endodontic treatments. Some ana-tomical features varied according to the patient’s gender and age.

The hormonal changes associated with puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause exert varying effects on the saliva and oral health of women. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pregnancy and menopause on saliva (pH and flow rate) and oral health utilizing saliva sampling and oral examination.

This case-control study was performed on 120 women in three groups of pregnant women, menopause and control group (each group = 40). Subjects were evaluated for any oral lesions and were examined for DMFT, gingival index (GI) and community periodontal index (CPI), and their salivary flow rate and pH were measured. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Analysis of Covarience, partial Spearman’s correlation coefficient, adjusted logistic re-gression.

According to the ANCOVA, there was a significant difference among groups based on the pH and salivary flow rate. The highest and lowest pH has been observed in menopausal (6.80±0.42) and pregnant (6.02±0.5) group, respectively. The mean salivary flow rate was highest in the pregnant group (2.91±0.92) and lowest in the menopausal group (2.12±0.85). There was no significant difference among the groups in terms of DMFT, CPI and GI after adjusting the effect of age as covariate. There was a significant difference between the three groups in terms of xerostomia and hali-tosis (p <0.05).

Both pregnancy and menopause lead to alterations in oral health. In this investigation, the metrics of pH, xerostomia, and halitosis exhibited higher values in the menopausal group compared to the pregnant group.

This study compared the antimicrobial effect of electrophoresis with calcium hydroxide and electrophoresis with cupral paste in the apical area blocked by the separated instrument.

A total of 72 single-rooted human teeth were involved in the study, each decoronated to a length of 15 mm. Following the determination of the working length and root canal preparation, the teeth were autoclaved and subsequently infected with Enterococcus faecalis. Intentional fracture of a rotary instrument occurred 3mm above the apical terminus of the canal. The samples were then randomly assigned to six groups: Groups G1 and G2 received Cupral paste (Hu-manchemie GmbH, Germany) and calcium hydroxide paste (Humanchemie GmbH, Germany), respectively, with the application of electric current. In G3, sterile normal saline was used with electrophoresis. For G4 and G5, Cu-pral and calcium hydroxide pastes were applied to the root canal without electrical current, respectively. G6 was used as the positive control. Following all in-terventions, the 3mm apical segment of the specimens was removed, and the antimicrobial effect was assessed by counting colony-forming units (CFUs) in this ca-nal area.

Cupral paste, Cupral paste with electrophoresis, and calcium hydroxide with electrophoresis demonstrated a significant reduction in bacteria beyond the separated instrument (p<0.05). However, calcium hydroxide and electrophoresis alone did not exhibit statistically significant antimicrobial activity (p> 0.05). There was no statisti-cal difference observed between Cupral paste activated by electrophoresis and calcium hydroxide activated by electrophoresis (p> 0.05).

Electrophoresis enhanced medicament penetration and antimicrobial ef-ficiency in the canal blocked by the separated instrument. Cupral paste activated by electrophoresis demonstrated superior performance in all interventions.

Congenital syndromic or non-syndromic absence of maxillary permanent canine teeth is a rare occurrence. This anomaly can adversely affect esthetics and masticatory function. Other dental anomalies that can be associated with tooth agenesis include tooth malposition, insufficient bone height, and periodontal disease. According to the statistics, the incidence of canine agenesis rang-es from 0-4.7% with a prevalence rate of 3.0%. Non-syndromic canine agenesis combined with other types of tooth agenesis, like mandibular central incisor agenesis, has been occasionally described in the literature.

This case report presents a nine-year-old male patient with three canine agenesis combined with both mandibular central incisors and unilateral maxillary lateral incisor agenesis.

Tooth agenesis is a common dental anomaly causing significant esthetic im-pairment. Its proper management requires early detection and a multidisciplinary approach.