فصلنامه خانواده پژوهی
پیاپی 76 (زمستان 1402)

Purpose of this study is to predict people’s readiness for marriage based on the variables of identity intimacy, desire for marriage and optimism. The methodology was survey and correlation. The statistical population of the study consisted of single students of the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of Allameh Tabatabai, Shahid Beheshti and Tehran university, who were non-randomly selected. Samples of both sexes were examined between the ages of 20 and 35. To conduct this study, 597 people completed the questionnaires, of which 37 participants' responses met the exit criteria and were removed from the sample, and finally 560 people were assigned to be examined by research tools, including the Benign and Adams Identity Questionnaire. The research tools included Benyon and Adams Identity Questionnaire, Ego Strength Psychological List, Marriage Surveillance, Optimism Questionnaire, and Marriage Readiness Criteria. Data analysis was performed through structural equations. The results of the analysis showed that the variables of the study predict a high variance of marriage readiness. In Conclusion, from this research, it can be concluded that Identification, intimacy, desire and optimism about marriage have a significant positive effect on youth marriage readiness, and according to them, marriage readiness in youth can be strengthened and examined.

This research has investigated the role of attachment dimensions (as intrapersonal variable) along with the experience of trust in a previous marriage (as interpersonal variable) in the formation of trust in remarriage. The population was people living in Tehran who had experience of remarriage. The sample size was determined according to Cochran's formula and 190 people were selected by the available method. The tools used were Fraley et al.'s attachment questionnaire in adult relationships (2000), Houston and Larsley's (1989) experience of trust in a previous marriage, and Rempel and Holmes' (1996) trust scale. Analyzing data using hierarchical regression, supported the moderating role of the experience of trust in a previous marriage with avoidant attachment and showed that the experience of trust in a previous marriage can strengthen the effect of avoidant attachment and neutralize the effect of anxious attachment.
In other words, according to the protective attitude of people with avoidant attachment, experiencing trust in a previous marriage helps them to experience higher levels of trust in remarriage. On the other hand, the interactive effect of experiencing trust in a previous marriage with anxious attachment reduces its negative effect and somehow neutralizes it.

Mentalizing capacity is a fundamental skill in mutually respectful, stable and trusting relationships. The main purpose of the research is to investigate and compare the mentalizing capacity and emotional styles (emotional health) of married people with and without marital conflict. In this research, 160 participants (40 women and 40 men in each group) were selected from two groups of married men and women with and without marital conflict through available and voluntary sampling. Both groups individually responded to the emotional styles questionnaires of Kesebir et al.'s (2019) and Dimitrijević et al.'s mentalization (2018). The results of the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that there is a significant difference between the mentalizing capacity and the profile of the components of emotional styles (attitude towards life, resilience, social intuition, self-awareness, sensitivity to context and attention) of married people with and without conflict. The presence of unresolved conflicts in marital relationships reduces the mentalizing capacity and emotional health of people in the relationship. Therefore, these results reveal the necessity of providing measures to improve the mentalization capacity and emotional styles of high-conflict couples.

Effective parenting improves children’s physical, emotional, mental and social health. This research was conducted based on the descriptive phenomenology approach and the purpose of its implementation was to investigate the lived experience of the challenges of raising a deaf child from the perspective of hearing fathers. The sample size was seven people and the main criteria for selecting the participants who were living with a spouse and children, having at least one child with severe or profound hearing loss and congenital sensory impairment, and volunteering to participate in the research. A semi-structured interview was used to collect data and the life experiences of the participants were investigated. The Colaizzi method was used to analyze the interviews. The results of the interviews were classified into 5 main categories under the title of acceptance of the child by parents, social conditions, parents’ awareness, support networks and life challenges. In sum, the analysis of the lived experience of hearing parents with a deaf child showed that they are affected by their child’s deafness in different ways. Therefore, these categories can be used to formulate educational and psychological programs for deaf children with hearing parents.

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of psychological reactions of submission and resistance in the relationship between the perception of parenting styles and parental attachment with prosocial behavior. The methodology was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population was made up of all the students of the second grade of high school in areas 2 and 5 of Tehran, who were busy studying in 2021-2022, Among them, 258 people were selected and included in the analysis by multi-stage random sampling method. And they completed the questionnaires of parenting style, parental bond, psychological reaction and prosocial behavior. Data analysis was performed using software, SPSS and AMOS by path analysis method. The results showed that there is a relationship between parenting styles, parental bond, psychological reaction and community-friendly behavior. In other words, authoritarian parenting styles have a direct and indirect negative and significant effects on social behavior and by increasing the psychological response, it reduces prosocial behavior. Powerful parenting style and parental bonding have significant indirect effects on societal behavior and by reducing the psychological response, it increases prosocial behavior. through psychological response. Therefore, through parenting styles, it is possible to improve social behavior in young people and reduce psychological pressure on them, which has a significant impact in the future.

The aim of this study is to compare academic support, emotional self-regulation and social competence in single-parent and two-parent male students. The design of the research was comparative causal research and the statistical population was all male students of the first and second secondary school in Ardabil City, of which 150 students (75 single-parent students and 75 two-parent students were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Then they answered Sands and Plunkett's (2005) academic support questionnaires, March's (1988) emotional self-regulation strategies, Burmester et al.'s (1998) social competence questionnaires. The findings were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that the amount of academic support, emotional self-regulation, and social competence of two-parent male students is higher than that of single-parent male students. The results implicitly show that paying attention to various types of academic support and designing and implementing educational interventions to improve emotional self-regulation and social competence can help improve the performance of single-parent students.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas of mothers and mother-daughter conflicts through self-esteem and emotion-regulation. The study's statistical population comprised all female high school students enrolled in a theoretical field in Tehran City, Iran in 2020 with their mothers. 315 students and their mothers were chosen as the sample size, and the sampling method was accessible. The students were asked to complete Conflict Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) and their mothers were asked to complete Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF) and Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (SES) and Difficulties in Emotion- Regulation Scale (DERS). Path Analysis in Lisrel was used to analyze the data. The study's findings revealed strong connections between emotional deprivation, defectiveness/shame, and negativity/pessimism EMSs of mothers and mother-daughter conflicts. The indirect relationships of dependent/incompetence, insufficient self-control/self-discipline, and negativity/pessimism EMSs of mothers and mother-daughter conflicts through emotion-regulation was also significant. Furthermore, there were significant direct relationships between defectiveness/shame and dependence/incompetence EMSs and self-esteem, but there was no significant relationships between self-esteem and parent-adolescent conflict. This research revealed that mothers' early maladaptive schemas play a significant role in creating conflict between them and their teenagers. Also, it seems that low self-esteem in mothers can only cause a decrease in their relationship with their teenagers and cannot play a significant role in creating conflict between parents and teenage girls, these findings can helps in better explaining parent-adolescents conflicts and developing intervention protocols in family therapy.

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of teaching sensory processing styles based on Dunn's model to mothers in reducing the anxiety problems of their preschool children. The methodology was semi-experimental with pre-test-post-test designs with control and follow-up groups. The statistical population of the research was the mothers of anxious children in Karaj kindergartens. The sample included mothers of 40 children suffering from preschool anxiety, who were selected with Convenience Sampling. The research tools included preschool children's anxiety scale (PAS) and child form sensory processing questionnaire (CSP). The experimental group was intervened using the educational package of sensory processing styles based on Dunn's model. The research data was analyzed using the statistical method of multivariate analysis of covariance. Data analysis showed that there is a significant difference(p>0.05) between the mean scores of the subscales of separation anxiety, fear of physical injury, social anxiety and generalized anxiety in the post-test and follow-up, between the two experimental and control groups (p = 0.001, 21.26, 32 F=11/14, 24/56, 33/5) According to the results and considering the significant reduction of children's anxiety, the role of teaching sensory processing styles can be considered effective in reducing the anxiety symptoms of children with anxiety.

The purpose of this research is to determine the moderating role of differentiation and marital empathy in the relationships between the quality of the mother-in-law and daughter-in-law (QMDLR) and the quality of the marital relationships in married women of Ahvaz City. This descriptive research is correlation type. The research targeted married women aged 20 to 50 in Ahvaz who had been married for at least one year. A sample of 210 women was selected by convenience sampling. The participants completed the differentiation scale (DSI_R), quality of mother-in-law and daughter-in-law relationship scale (QMDRS), marital empathy scale (BEA) and marital relationships quality scale (MMQ). The data were analyzed with Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression using SPSS software (version 22). The results showed that there is a positive relationship between the QMDLR and the quality of the marital relationships. The results of regression analysis showed that marital empathy moderates the relationships between QMDLR and quality of the marital relationships, but differentiation does not moderate the relationships between QMDLR and quality of the marital relationships. The results of the research show that marital empathy in the QMDLR is an effective factor that improves the quality of the marital relationships and reduces conflicts, despite the influence of various variables.

Marriage and making a family is one of the most important non-market choices in every person’s life cycle with its own particular economic, social and even political effects. This choice is being made within a framework of both formal and informal institutions. By institution, we mean the rules of the game. This paper purports to apply “Family Economics” and “Economic Analysis of Law” to investigate the philosophy of family law from an economic perspective. From this approach, marriage is a long-run contract with obligations for spouses the enforcement of which brings benefits to the parties. These benefits heavily depend on the investment of the parties in the marriage that itself is associated with costs and risks. Indeed, there is an asymmetry of costs of investments and risks of utilizing of benefits over the time for the wife and the husband. This might lead to opportunistic behavior from the husband, specifically at the early years of marriage. From the economic perspective, the most important function of family law (which appears in divorce law) is to manage and cover this risk for the wife and deter the husband from opportunistic behavior.