فصلنامه مشرق موعود
پیاپی 69 (زمستان 1402)

The infallible Imam has something that, if there is a chance to appear, it will be seen in the life of the Imam. The formation of the government is one of the Imam's political affairs, which can be investigated from different angles; Such as the need to form a government by the innocent, the foundations of Islamic government in the verses, traditions and life of the innocent (AS). People can also play a significant role in providing conditions for its creation and continuation. This article deals with the quality of people's participation in Alavi and Mahdavi government and seeks to answer the question, how do people play a role in the government of Hazrat Ali (AS) and Hazrat Mahdi? The findings of the research show that the Islamic ruler is effective in all governance affairs. Along with him, the people are also involved in this matter, and Islamic principles give legitimacy to the presence of the people in the governmental arena, which can be proven in the verses, traditions, innocent way of life, and rational reason. Also, the community has a strong presence at both public and special levels and plays a role in establishing, monitoring, continuing and protecting the government. Because man was created to achieve evolution. In any era, when people provide more of this talent, they will play a more effective role. Considering that the government of Imam Zaman (AS) is global and justice-oriented, it will bring people to the peak of evolution in social affairs.

The implementation and institutionalization of religious government in the Islamic society requires the Islamic education of the people and their management within the scope of divine laws and Sharia. In this regard, the Qur'anic and narrational reasons have been included in different dimensions of religious education, according to which God gave religious sovereignty to the family of Muhammad? and this matter with the world government of Imam Zaman? It continues until the Day of Judgment. In order to implement divine laws, the ruler of the Islamic society must be just and reform the people's affairs while fighting deviations. The principle of religious sovereignty is considered legitimate in Islamic sources, but the limits and scope of this interference are discussed, the arguments in favor in this regard come from verses and traditions, and at the same time, the arguments against it are presented in the field of individual duties of people in the society, which indicate the preservation of rights and Public interest is against privacy. The aim of this research was to find the Quranic reasons and validity of the scope of the intervention of the Islamic government in the Islamic education of individuals and society, which analyzed the data based on the method of library collection, with a descriptive-analytical method.

The issue of the status of scholars during the period of occultation and the formation of religious government is one of the issues that has always been the focus of Muslim and non-Muslim researchers due to its key and influential characteristics. Observing the changes and developments in the field of duties of Shia scholars and their entry into social political arenas and raising issues such as the theory of jurisprudence and administration of government by Shia jurists, and especially observing the example of the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, prompted Orientalists to investigate in a special way and criticize this issue. Orientalists such as Colin Turner, Heinz Halm and Joseph Eliash have tried to distort the foundations of the legitimacy of the establishment of the government during the time of the occultation, while focusing on Shia narrative sources, as well as expressing historical propositions from the early centuries to the contemporary era. In the following article, in the first stage, the arguments and viewpoints of these orientalists have been stated, and in the following, the problems and criticisms against them have been discussed.

The issue of the necessity of establishing a world government of the righteous is one of the unquestionable Islamic beliefs. In this regard, several questions can be raised, including whether the idea of establishing a world government is merely a religious belief or whether it can be proved with rational reasons, and another question is that if we With the help of rational reasons, we proved that societies have no choice but to move towards integration and remove credit boundaries to achieve real happiness. Can we claim that basically the natural movement of societies is towards integration and societies will move in this direction whether they like it or not. In the following article, an attempt is made to answer the mentioned questions with a descriptive-analytical method. The need for fair distribution of God's blessings and the need for global security and peace are among the reasons that necessitate the existence of a unified global government, and the evolutionary nature of the movement of history, which is rooted in the structure and fabric of man, can also prove that the natural course of the movement of societies towards It will be unifying and forming a global government.

According to the rule of reason and some verses and traditions, the rule of the jurist is necessary during the time of absence. In this research, these questions have been answered, which clear intellectual reason, which clear verse, and which authentic narration indicate the necessity of the rule of the jurist in the time of absence? The present research is trying to use the rational reason of God Almighty's ownership of the earth and having the right to manage it, to discuss about handing it over to the innocent and the obstacle created during the absence and the necessity of the jurist's rule, and from the verse forbidding the domination of tyrants and the verses of non-judgment. God's will and how to use the necessity of the jurist's rule during the absence of these two types of verses, and in the narrative section, how to answer the forms of documents and brokers accepted by Umar bin Hanzala and Ishaq bin Yaqoob in proving the jurisprudence? Therefore, based on the evidence presented in the assumption that the conditions are met, we will say that the rule of a comprehensive jurist is necessary at the time of absenteeism. In this research, the collection of data is a library and in a descriptive-analytical method, while mentioning the opinions of some scientists, in some cases, after the criticism, new evidences have been stated.

From the time of the first human society to the formation of modern governments, the idea of organizing social-political life and regulating the relations between the rulers and the ruled has been one of the most important concerns of mankind. The political systems of Islam and the governments that emerged from it have some unique geometrical coordinates and features that, although they have been gradually formed over time, a complete understanding of their form and structure mainly requires understanding theological and jurisprudential theories in which geometry and features are included. are. Investigating the logic and foundation of Imam Khomeini's political views? On the one hand, due to the diversity of his works in different traditions of Islamic thought, such as; Jurisprudence, religion, philosophy, ethics, interpretation and mysticism, and on the other hand, especially because of his efforts and success in establishing a religious government, are very important in the studies of Islamic political thought. The basic question of the present article is that Imam Khomeini's view? What is the concept of politics and what are the most important functional-sociological components in the field of politics that have led to the formation of the religious government? The method used in this research is the library method and document studies, which by referring to the sources of the first category (Sahifah Imam) Khomeini and his other works) and the second category sources (books and interpretive articles) have been done. The results show that the most important functions of politics from the perspective of Imam Khomeini? as follows; Education and cultivation (socialization), anti-tyranny, attention to human life and afterlife happiness, peaceful coexistence, unity of the Islamic Ummah and the formation of a new Islamic civilization (religious government).

When talking about the basis of a phenomenon, it means the foundations on which that phenomenon is based and according to the necessity of that foundation, it has taken a special shape. Government in general and religious government is also a phenomenon that is built on a set of foundations and has taken a special shape and form according to the requirements of those foundations. In order to build a government and a special type of it, which is a religious government, several foundations are needed. Some of these foundations are theoretical foundations that refer to the original and basic beliefs of people, and under the most important of them are the ontological, epistemological, theological, value-based and anthropological foundations. Therefore, the anthropological foundations of government and religious government are those original and basic beliefs that are in the domain of human knowledge and have formed religious government's beliefs about humans. In this article, by referring to authoritative sources in religion, we have reached the most important anthropological bases of religious government and we have tried to present them in a logical order.

Considering the important role of governments in organizing societies and managing people by directing their thoughts and actions and the serious entry of religion into the sphere of determining the fate of individuals, it is necessary to examine the goals of religious governments. In the meantime, Islam and Christianity, as two living religions with many followers in today's world, deserve a closer examination. The following article identifies and compares the goals of Islamic and Christian religious governments with a library study and a descriptive-analytical method and concludes that despite the existence of differences in the foundations and methods of these two religions, similarities There are many differences in the main goals of these two religious governments. According to this new review, the goals of Islam in religious governance are: security and social justice, the perfection of man and the realization of God's rule on earth, and the goals of Christianity in religious governance are: security and social justice, bringing the world to perfection and realizing God's rule on earth.

The main problem of the current research is that the formation of Islamic government is important from the moral point of view and the basis of such a government is moral principles. This article talks about some moral foundations such as the necessity of human self-exaltation and moral responsibility, as well as moral motivation for the necessity of forming Islamic sovereignty. Of course, the necessity of knowing these basics in the first step is based on being aware of the disordered moral and social situation of the religious society and being unhappy about those disordered situations. In this article, an attempt is made to verify the bond between ethical living and Islamic government.

Hypocrisy is a phenomenon that has been mentioned in religious teachings as well as its consequences at different levels. Hypocrisy also causes harmful damages at the property level. One of the irreparable consequences of this reprehensible trait is pessimism and distancing people from religion and Sharia. In the case of weakness and vacillation in the field of knowledge and vision, in order to gain power or maintain their position, they gradually find the attribute of hypocrisy. History also shows the fact that the hypocritical performance of some properties has caused irreparable damage. The basic approach in this essay is to investigate the hypocrisy of the society's properties in the religious government and its effect on the apostasy of the common people. This essay is in the position of investigating the problem that the disease of the society affected by this reprehensible phenomenon and their hypocritical behavior necessarily has a negative effect on the common people and causes them to be pessimistic and even distance themselves from religion. The properties of hypocrites have caused irreparable damage to the body of society throughout history. In the present era, after the realization of the Islamic government in the region and the end of the period of holy defense, the claimants of religion and service to the people gradually infiltrated the body of the system. By using religion and its symbols as a tool, in line with demagoguery, they gained the trust of the mass of people towards themselves. Their abnormal performance made the common people conflicted, caused people to unwisely follow religion. The main goal of this essay is to examine the inseparable link between the hypocrisy of society and the influence of their hypocritical actions in various fields, including politics and society management, on the religious beliefs of the masses of people and as a result their aversion to religion. The main question is: How does the political hypocrisy of society's properties cause the inefficiency of religion? The research method is descriptive and analytical and the method of collecting information is mainly library.