نشریه پژوهش های جامعه شناسی معاصر
سال دوازدهم شماره 23 (پاییز و زمستان 1402)

The main question of this research is about the optimal level of social capital in a society. In this regard, considering utility as development and relying on secondary analysis using different databases (the global database and human development report), we investigate the relationship between social capital, economic development, and political development. This relationship has been clearly approved both theoretically (there are a lot of theories about the relationship between the mentioned variables in the research literature) and experimentally (Pearson correlation test and Partial Pearson correlation test). In the second step, we investigated the level of social capital that is necessary for economic and political development. To answer this question, first the cutoff point of social capital was determined by ROC test, and then, the components of development were compared at each of the cutoff points. According to ANOVA, only high levels of social capital can significantly influence the development components.

In Iran, with the spread of the COVID-19 virus, daily face-to-face communications were disrupted and transferred to the virtual space. Also, the doors of the universities were suddenly closed and online classes quickly started. Each student connected to the online classes in their own home via laptops or mobile phones, and a link was formed between the inner and outer worlds. The duality of the inner (relationships) and the outer (rules) after the 1979 revolution became an important indicator for the necessity of respecting Islamic rules in public and the relative freedom in inner relationships. Therefore, the linking of the inner to the outer led to the juxtaposition and interference of inner and outer relations. The main purpose of the article is to examine the function of the virtualization of the university and its coming into the homes and the emergence of the unfamiliar and new situation that emerged from it. The article is a type of digital research with the presence of the researcher in the social network Instagram, in which the contents produced about the virtual university and its link with the home were searched, and among them, the Instagram page of a professor of Kharazmi University was selected as a case study due to the large number of audiences who wrote about the lived experience of the link between the virtual university and the home. Based on the results of data analysis, in the link between the virtual university and the home, the space of free relationships in the inner world and the administrative rules of the outer world influenced each other, which was attempted to be controlled by means of visual, auditory, and audio communication channels.

Marital infidelity has emerged as a significant challenge in modern married life, leading to the unfortunate breakdown of numerous families. Despite its destructive impact, there remains a lack of comprehensive awareness and understanding surrounding this issue. Hence, the objective of this study was to develop a model for comprehending couple dissolution through the lens of social exclusion. To achieve this, a qualitative methodology known as grounded theory was adopted, allowing for the construction of a robust research model. Fifteen academic experts and family counselors were purposively selected as participants, representing the sample for this study. In-depth interviews were conducted as the primary method of data collection, continuing until theoretical saturation was achieved. The findings of this research revealed a comprehensive model outlining the process of couple dissolution using the social exclusion approach. This model comprised six key components: causal factors, central phenomena, strategies, underlying factors, interfering factors, and consequences. Moreover, the results underscored the effectiveness of incorporating the theory of social exclusion in explaining and gaining deeper insights into the complex phenomenon of couple dissolution. By utilizing this theoretical framework, a more nuanced understanding of the various elements and intricacies surrounding marital infidelity can be achieved. Unfortunately, our society today is witnessing the rise of individuals who promote the culture of living a solitary life through their words and actions. Therefore, it is recommended that local and national institutions strive to create an environment that encourages greater family participation while purging the community from corruption and obscenities. This will make it easier and more appealing for families to engage and participate in society. Furthermore, municipalities can play a significant role by organizing cultural and social family programs, making a vivid impact.

Today, in the international environment, “national brand” is a lever needed by governments to improve and strengthen their position in the world arena. Leaders who understand the value of the national brand can use cultural differences and diversity to create competitive advantage and superiority. It is essential to be aware of the attitudes and identify the different dimensions that affect the national brand of a country. Therefore, the current research has an exploratory aspect and has used a qualitative method. The statistical community of the research was formed by experts in the field of national branding, and the number of these people is 57, and the mental pattern of these people was identified and analyzed based on the “Q” research method. The results show that eight components for the variable of ethnic groups and six components for the variable of national brand have been discovered, among which, there is a positive and significant relationship between the component of “ethnic culture” and “international image” and “ethnic interests” and “economic capitals”. There is a negative and meaningful.

The present research aims to investigate the impact of perceptual social disorganization and the collective efficacy of deviant behaviors among University of Mazandaran students. The method of this survey research was stratified random sampling in proportion to the volume. The tool for collecting information in the current research is a questionnaire, and 411 questionnaires have been analyzed. The results of the analysis of the findings show that there is no significant difference between boys and girls in terms of deviant behavior. The results of the path analysis test have also shown that there is a positive and significant relationship between imagined social disorder, imagined physical disorder and deviant behavior. Also, there is a positive relationship between imagined physical disorder and fear of crime; And there is an inverse and significant relationship between fear of crime and collective efficacy. According to the findings, people’s perception of social disorder has an effect on crime. In other words, disorder increases fear of crime, which in turn reduces social control/collective efficacy and makes neighborhoods vulnerable to criminal invasion. Keywords: deviance, social disorganization, collective efficacy, fear of crime.

From the time when the rural poor migrant rises from “the hole in the village and falls into the well in the city” in the vicious cycle and process of underdevelopment, double poverty sprouts and all kinds of its negative and unwanted functions. It appears and is revealed. With this description, Based on the inconsistency, conflict and conflict between the desirable state of the quality of urban life and its current state in the statistical population of the present study, a sociological survey with a comparative, integrative and interdisciplinary approach was conducted in some areas of Tehran, which is part of the findings. It is compiled and reported in this article. The mentioned research was carried out with the benefit of mixed methods and with the support of a unified theoretical system in the territory and urban scope of districts 10 and 17 of Tehran Municipality, and in the quantitative and survey part of the research, 400 sample units/urban households were sampled using the G.power sampling method. They were selected and measured with the tool of collecting questionnaires with a validity of about 94% of Cronbach’s alpha test, and the results of some of them are reported in the explanatory section of this article. The culture of urban poverty, poverty of urban space, and urban damage in these areas are noticeable and at the same time different and distinct, and in the research hypothesis, a significant and decisive contribution of each of them was tested in explaining the quality of urban life in the neighborhoods of these areas. In the test of the theoretical model of the research, it can be analyzed that the construction of the structure of the quality of urban life in the neighborhoods of the 10th and 17th urban areas of Tehran Municipality is based on the context of the culture of urban poverty with an impact factor of 46% and the context of urban poverty with an impact factor of 26%. The percentage that causes the birth and reproduction of new damages called urban damages (with an impact factor of 14%) and this way determines the quality of urban life in a total of about 85%. In other words, the consequence factor of the multidimensional, complex and stable structure of the quality of urban life is the interpretation and representation of the chain of factors caused by the process of double poverty and unbalanced development of the city of Tehran, which has been tested in the form of a causal model.

The commercialized wedding celebration, as a Western and global phenomenon, is developing and expanding. This cultural phenomenon has found its presence and become pervasive in Iranian society. The globalization of weddings and the introduction of new cultural elements related to them have brought significant changes and transformations to these ceremonies in various regions of Iran. In the Iranian society, the convergence of old and new cultural elements has created new mechanisms and cultural trends. This article focuses on the city of Hamedan, one of the cities in Iran. The emergence of the wedding industry phenomenon in Hamedan has been accompanied by challenges. The aim of this article is to examine the cultural and social consequences of the presence and expansion of the wedding industry in Hamedan. The research method used in this qualitative study involved semi-structured interviews with 16 professionals working in the wedding industry in Hamedan. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings of this article encompass two main themes: “Cultural Reconstruction” and “Cultural Anomalies,” each of which includes various subtopics of significance. The results indicate that the expansion of this industry in the city of Hamedan has been concurrent with multifaceted and intricate social changes and cultural trends. Cultural interactions and conflicts, particularly in the realm of wedding ceremonies in this city, have led, on one hand, to the amalgamation and fusion of traditions, and on the other hand, to conflicts of values and disturbances in norms. As a result of these trends, local wedding customs in Hamedan have been weakened, and the consumer culture of the capitalist system has influenced them significantly.

University as the central place of thinking in the society has had more anxiety with respect to time and temporality in encountering with emergence of industrial revolution and mechanical (clock) time and eventually the current technological revolution. The purpose of this article is the studying of experience of time among faculty members of university of Gilan in Iran. The methodological approach is qualitative by using phenomenological method according to Van Manen’s analysis view. The studied population is all of employed faculty members of university of Guilan. The purposeful sampling and snowball sampling have been simultaneity used for choosing samples. In the following, data gathering technique is semi structured interview which concluded after doing deep interviews with 25 persons and attaining theoretical saturation. According to data, faculty members experience 7 types of time in the academic life that include qualitative time, acceleration time, structural time, compressed time, educational time, research time and studying time. These times exist simultaneity and contradictorily with each other, but represent opposition between acceptance and refusal of dominant time regime in the university. This opposition expresses asynchrony that leads to more convergence in spite of more resistance.

With the emergence of late modernity and the growth of culture globalization, transformation has spread in human life, and women have not been excluded in this regard. The transformations made in the attitude of women in today’s world is an undeniable fact. Therefore, this research was conducted to investigate the effect of the globalization of culture on the attitude of women toward the concept of freedom. The research design included a survey and the instrument employed was a questionnaire. Convergent and construct validity were confirmed. Moreover, the reliability was calculated through Cronbach’s alpha and the compositional reliability was in the acceptable range. The statistical population of the research included women between the ages of 17 and 50 on the Instagram social media. Random sampling was used and based on Cochran’s formula the participants included 297 women. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results show that in the component of using global cultural and artistic products, watching foreign films and series had the greatest impact on women’s attitude toward the concept of civil freedom and then toward the concept of individual freedom, and the component of knowledge of international laws regarding women’s rights. The component of awareness of international laws regarding women’s rights had a greater impact on women’s attitude toward the concept of civil freedom. Regarding the component of using global information networks, the most impact related to foreign news networks, which had the greatest impact on women’s attitudes toward the concept of individual freedom and then civil freedom. Also, the results of stepwise regression coefficients in demographic variables showed that women’s attitude toward the concept of personal and civil liberties in individuals less than 30 years of age and women with master’s education was closer to Isaiah Berlin’s definition of personal and civil liberties.

Emerging consequences due to the expansion of urbanization, unfair distribution of wealth, facilities and services on the one hand, and the poor state of the economy, unemployment and the consequent reduction in government revenues, which leads to a reduction in the support of organizations for vulnerable people, on the other hand, have affected the social hope of citizens.using sociological theories, we tried to find the factors affecting social hope among Tehrani citizens, and five variables were obtained from theories to explain the causes of social hope, including life satisfaction, social security, feeling of powerlessness, social trust, and social inequality. The research method is a quantitative-survey type and the sample showed that all five independent variables had an effect on the social hope of Tehrani citizens, which according to the correlation coefficient, With the increase of social trust, social security and life satisfaction, the level of social hope also increases, but on the other hand, with the increase of the feeling of powerlessness and social inequality, the level of social hope will decrease. In addition, the results of direct, indirect and total standard coefficients in structural equations showed that the variables of life satisfaction and social inequality, in addition to the direct and significant effect on the variable of social hope, have an indirect and significant effect through the mediation of the three variables of social trust, social security And they also feel powerless.

Disability is an important social phenomenon in today’s society. Disabled people face many problems in interpersonal relationships, family, work, education and emotional behavioral areas. There are about 76000 disabled people in Hamedan province, of which about 30000 are physical disabled. This study seeks to evaluate and the effectiveness of these programs with a qualitative method, because if the plan is implemented correctly, it will improve the quality of life of the disabled, increase the quality of services, reduce the financial burden of the disabled person on the family, and even the possibility entrepreneurship and empowerment of the disabled with emphasis on people with disabilities. Provides spinal cord injury. The study focuses on four groups, including managers of the welfare organization, managers of project implementation centers, facilitators and consultants and helpers, university professors, and especially disabled people participating in the project and their families. The findings of the research showed that the needs of the audience are different based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in the form of a project based on class conditions: the poor and marginal classes declared their need for objective needs such as livelihood packages, and the disabled items of the more privileged classes emphasized the dimensions of assistance and home visits. The many changes in the instructions, the stability of the project costs at the same time as the sharp increase in costs, and the late notification of the project and the loss of golden time are among the criticisms of the project. Suggestions such the continuation of the thematic comprehensive plan, the positive discrimination plan and ideas such as the city and society supporting the disabled and awareness of the rights of the disabled and the right to education have been presented.

Today, entrepreneurship goes beyond the realm of business and is also meaningful in the social, political, cultural, moral, and other fields. Social entrepreneurship involves creating economic and social value in an innovative way. The aim of this study is to investigate and explore social entrepreneurship models using meta synthesis method. Thus, after referring to the sites “Google Scholar” and “Scopus” in the period 2000 to 2022, among the many scientific articles, 35 suitable articles were identified. The validity of the proposed concepts, the hybrid outputs, and the concepts generated by the Delphi panel technique have been categorized and validated by a group of elites. In order to analyze the concepts, dimensions and influential components, the content analysis method has been used. Findings indicate the development of social entrepreneurship dimensions in the form of five general categories: “multilevel innovation”, “social value creation”, “ecology and design of social business model”, “definition of the role of social entrepreneur” and “employment and income generation”.