International Journal of Applied Arts Studies
Volume:9 Issue: 1, Feb-Mar 2024

The formation of the body of any space can be derived from the prevailing behaviors and diverse lifestyle patterns and the physical support of the type of space from specific activities or diverse uses. Each space has a different meaning that emerges based on the body that surrounds it. Traditional markets as the support of commercial centers have components that are derived and show the physical design and spatial behavior that are directly related. This research was formed with the aim of extracting physical-spatial components and classifying them in the markets of Kerman .
The research method is a combination of nested qualitative and quantitative type. In the qualitative part, semi-structured interviews with scholars and snowball sampling are used, in which 28 experts are interviewed. In order to reduce the data, coding is used in ATLASTI software. It is a causalcomparative quantitative method that uses the components of the previous stage to develop a questionnaire and distribute it among 384 space users. The results are entered into the GRAPHER 16 software for analysis and are analyzed with inferential statistics. The results show that the most important factors in the body-behavior components in the formation of the traditional market of Kerman city include the response of the wise in the form, the support of the body to the activity, the cover Plant is with a value of (1.000) and the lowest factor contribution is related to inviting elements with a value of (0.295). Also, all the components have a significant relationship to explain the factor contribution, except for the flooring component, whose factor contribution is (0.467) but it does not have a significant relationship. To facilitate the review of the results, a summary chart of the determined coefficients has been presented.

“Sacredness/sanctity” means purity and “sacred” means a clean place which is associated with purity. There is no religion that is free from such central concepts and no religion is worthy of being called so without incorporating such concepts and meanings. Hence, the use of the terms sacred or sacredness is an important and valuable action. The main focus of this study is to explore the concept of sacredness in Quran and Islamic wisdom based on the relevant concepts and theories and through this analysis it seeks to explain the sacredness for the realization of sacred place. With such a foundation, the theoretical and practical meaning of sacred architecture can be understood and established.
This study is theoretical research that employs a descriptive method. The data are collected through library references or by referring to books and articles.
The results show that the use of space, human functions, a specific event, or the divine ontological will can destroy or create sacredness of place. Typically, physical form determines the way a space may be used. But this does not mean that physical form is the only determining factor. Intentions, motivations, and actions taken by people are also effective in this regard. The authors believe that sacredness of a place can be considered as an innate and adaptive concept. But depending on the type of formation, it receives varying degrees of sacredness . This means that sacredness may be created the divine ontological will or the human legislative will.

The role of proportions in architecture is undeniable throughout history, and the researcher has succeeded in introducing a proportional evaluation system with 11 stages and 9 proportional systems including: basic and multiple modules, proportions The golden rectangle, golden spiral, circles following the ratio of 1:618/1, Platonic rectangle, radical ratios, golden ratio, Le Corbusier's modular system and the proportions of Caen and Shako have been analyzed proportionally. This research has been carried out with the aim of extracting and classifying the existing geometric proportions in the selected bridges from the Safavid to Pahlavi periods, as well as classifying and prioritizing them. The causal-comparative research method and the strategy of answering the comparative question, which are scored based on the relevant observations and based on the observation of the extraction package and the visible items, are then entered into the SIGMAPLOT software to check the factor contribution and present the regression relationship. The linear regression relationship Y=ax+b is presented. The observations are collaborative and with the approach of compiling a balance sheet, and the sampling of bridges is targeted and with entry and exit criteria. The results show that the greatest role in creating the beauty of the selected bridges of East Azerbaijan is the golden ratio with a value of (1.000) and the least is related to Le Corbusier's modular with a value of (0.195).

The construction industry is one of the broad, decentralized and highly indigenous industries of any country. In many countries, it is considered an indicator for growth and development or economic stagnation. This industry in Iran is currently experiencing a lot of inefficiencies, one of the main reasons for which is the lack of growth in the technical field. The use of traditional methods is known as one of the main factors inhibiting productivity in the construction industry in Iran, because most conventional techniques and their nature led to time delays and waste of resources. Therefore, it is necessary to use new technologies in this vital industry. Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology in construction projects is essential, including the benefits of using BIM, improving coordination and communication, increasing productivity, reducing errors, improving construction quality, etc. Therefore, in this research, the benefits of using this useful technology in the life cycle of a construction project have been investigated .

The energy crisis and the pollution caused by the fossil fuels combustion and the increasing acceleration towards the use of these resources have led human beings to use clean and renewable energies. The fossil energy resources’ limitation and the its price increasing and the lack of security and stability of the energy market along with the pollution and the earth warming have caused that designers search ways to realize zero energy architecture. Zero energy buildings with the intelligent use of renewable technologies creates balance between energy consumption and production. In these buildings, we are witness that as a part of the surrounding environment and nature, they not only does not cause the energy loss, does not cause environmental pollution, and does not have a negative impact on human health, but also with reserve and optimize energy consumption, having materials that are compatible with the climate and being in the ecosystem cycle, moves towards the sustainable development goals realization. The present research wants to find solutions for achieving zero energy architecture by the successful case examples study in the world in five categories; passive solar system, lighting performance improvement, the building envelope performance improvement, energy load management of devices and equipment, and using renewable resources. And the conducted studies indicate that passive solar solutions have more efficiency and variety than other solutions.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the ecological aspects of urban plazas in order to improve energy management and preserve it in architecture. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical. In the descriptive part of the research, the subject literature related to the urban plaza and the ecological approach has been discussed. In the analytical part, first, 47 ecological criteria effective in promoting energy management in the urban plaza have been identified and then sent to experts and analyzed through the Delphi method. In the third stage, according to the results of the Delphi method, using the structural analysis method and Mic Mac software, 21 influential factors were identified and then the driving forces were extracted. The results include 5 decisive and influential driving forces including: symmetry and closeness of nature with human habitat with a weight of 653, use of renewable energy with a weight of 588, protection of landscapes with a weight of 588, integration of architecture and green space with a weight of 571 and the use of ecological materials with a weight of 555 are directly effective on improving energy management using ecological criteria. Also, 6 risk driving forces include: energy management with a weight of 641, thermal insulation with a weight of 581, use of smart systems with a weight of 577, use of solar energy with a weight of 556 and efficiency in the use of clean energy with a weight of 550 They are indirectly effective on the conditions of the plaza to improve energy management through ecological criteria. In fact, for energy management in urban plazas with an ecological approach, 5 main driving forces should be considered in locating and designing the plaza, and 6 risk driving forces should be considered as secondary factors. According to the results of the system analysis, it can be said that the way the variables are distributed in the scatter plane indicates the instability of the system .