نشریه جستارهای تاریخی
سال چهاردهم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1402)

To investigate the historical background of Tamartash (Timurtash) clan as the origin and ducational environment of Abdul Hossein Khan Timurtash, one of the influential figures of the first Pahlavi era.

Research method/approach: 

This research was done with historical method and with descriptive-analytical method and using archival documents and library resources. Historical data has been extracted from various documentary sources, such as reconciliation letters, local manuscripts, and court documents. These data are used in terms of structure, function and content in order to describe and explain the background of the tribe "Timurtash, Demerdash, Tamertash" and the educational environment of "Abdul Hossein Timurtash".

The results of this research show that the original origin of the Tamratash clan was Shamat, which moved to the northern areas of Khorasan. Before Fath Ali Shah Qajar, there is very little information about this clan, and Abdul Hossein Khan's ancestors were rulers in Nardin village, on behalf of Bojnoord broker. due to Abdul Hossein Khan's early departure from his clan to study; The effects of Ili's education did not last in him, the European education became stable in him.

The book attributed to Salim bin Qays is considered the only historical-theological Shiite work left from the first century AH, which has been noticed and important for various reasons. If the existence of Salim's personality and the authenticity of the books attributed to him are proven, this importance will be doubled and very ponderable. Some important titles for them are: 1- The historical age of the book. 2- Being a special companion of Salim. 3- The immediacy of some hadiths of Salim. 4- The approval of Imam Masoom (AS) on copies of Salim's books. 5- Having special, unique and interesting historical and theological content. One of the prominent features of Salim's book is the narration of events that have always been a source of conflict and conflict between Shia and Sunni. It seems that now it is necessary to criticize and analyze this book from mixed aspects; One of them is reflections on the personal identity and narrative status of Salim bin Qais and his book. In the current research, questions and problems related to various aspects of personal identity and the historical status of Salim's book and its author have been raised; And at the same time, the authenticity of the author and the book attributed to him has been damaged.

Efficiency is a concept that, although it is connected with economic and management fields, but due to its stronger connection with the concept of power, it also has clear and important examples in political science. The efficiency of political systems is the main factor of their stability and resilience, and the key factor for governments to overcome political crises around them. When a political structure collapses, the first step of that system is a set of inefficiencies, and the main cause of its downfall, before any other factor, is this issue.The collapse of the Pahlavi regime is one of the interesting subjects that can be studied from this point of view and the political crises of this era can be analyzed from this angle. In this article, an attempt will be made to obtain reliable indicators for evaluating the efficiency of the government and the political system in the Pahlavi era, with the help of systems theory, within the framework of structural-functional approaches, and the six capacities. The one that has been mentioned in order to measure the efficiency of the governments (monopoly on the use of force, extractive, shaping the national identity, regulatory, maintaining internal cohesion and redistribution) adapted it to the political structure of this era. And finally, he analyzed the fall of the Pahlavi government according to the results of this comparison.

many researchers and political and historical researchers, and various views have been presented in this regard. In the meantime, the Enghelabe Eslami newspaper, which was published by Abul Hassan Bani Sadr and his like-minded people at the beginning of the victory of the Islamic Revolution, has also paid attention to this issue, and the origins of the war have also been considered from the perspective of this newspaper. This research focuses on this issue and tries to answer the question in this regard, what reasons did the Enghelabe Eslami newspaper pay attention to as the roots of the Iran-Iraq war?The hypothesis of the research is that Enghelabe Eslami newspaper is a projection of the American and Israel conspiracies on the one hand and the goals and desires of Saddam Hussein and the Baath party to destroy the Iranian revolution, in order to deal with internal challenges and... The main reasons for the war have been pointed out. The authors will answer this question by using analytical-descriptive method.

The hijab has become a prominent issue in Iranian society, mainly influenced by how religious texts interpret and define it. Most studies on hijab in early Islam have used jurisprudential methods. However, as the hijab is a cultural matter, understanding its historical-cultural objects can reveal new insights into the act of wearing a hijab. In this research, hadiths were analyzed as oral history using a historical-anthropological approach to examine the hijab in its socio-cultural context. The goal is to understand the connection between social structure and cultural system. This research aims to study the meaning of hijab and perceive how the social structure and cultural system of early Islam influenced it. Using hadiths as oral history and analyzing them with a historical-anthropological approach, this research examines hijab in its socio-cultural context. The main focus is to study the connection between social structure and cultural system, specifically regarding the meaning of hijab in early Islam. The research suggests that portraying hijab as a way to control sexual lust in society is inaccurate. The true essence of hijab is shaped by the historical context of Islamic societies, where women's status and respect were based on their social class. The hijab is essential for free-believing women compared to maidservants and dhimma people, who have fewer restrictions, as it upholds the respect of a free-believing woman. If the hijab aimed to control sexual lust, it would be compulsory for all women. However, it was only mandatory for devout Muslim women, not all.

After Iran's defeat by Russia, new ideologies such as nationalism entered the sphere of politics and culture in Iran. The Qajar dynasty, due to internal and external problems, was unable to adapt itself to the new civilization. However, the Pahlavi government, which aimed to build a nation-state, promoted its nationalist ideologies through historiography and historians. One of these historians was Saeed Nafisi, whose works emphasized nationalism based on four main pillars: antiquity, anti-Arab sentiment, Aryanism, and individualism. The upcoming research intends to critically analyze Nafisi's works in order to gain a better understanding of the Pahlavi regime's efforts to legitimize and promote its own ideology

Law is one of the key concepts of the constitutional era. Examining this concept from the perspective of the history of concepts is important because it shows the course of its creation and evolution. In this regard, to examine the concept of the law, the details of the parliament's deliberations were used and the opinions of Sheikh Ibrahim Zanjani, one of the constitutional clerics, as a representative of the second and third terms of the National Assembly, were researched. The purpose of this research is to answer the question of how much he understood the concept of law as one of the supporters of constitutionalism. Considering that Zanjani had a seminary education and, on the other hand, due to his interest in the developments of the new era, he had studied the works of the Intellectuals and the laws of other countries, it is important to examine the concept of law in his opinions from the perspective of Iran's constitutional history. In this research, relying on the details of the negotiations, with the analytical-descriptive method, documentary and library sources and other internet sources have been used to investigate the issue. The results of this research showed that Sheikh Ibrahim Zanjani had a relatively accurate understanding of the concept of law and its characteristics, but he was not familiar with the logic of law and the methods of interpreting laws in modern law.

On 21 February 1921 coup d'état, Reżā Khān issued a statement in 9 articles under the title "I Command" and it was distributed by Cossaks throughout the city. In the middle of the exceptional situation and the imbalance between the political matter and the public law, he was able to ignore the law and concentrate power in two directions to stabilize the political matter, by using force and armed force and narrowing the legal matter, by trampling on the rights of individuals. The purpose of this research is to achieve a semantic understanding of the conceptual political metaphors used in the 9-point statement and the consequences of the construction of "monologue" and "separation action" between the ruler and the society. The main question is what conceptual metaphor is used in this statement. In response to the research question, it is argued that Reżā Khān used the key metaphor of "Domination" based on the fundamental general metaphor of "Rule Is Power" to dominate the political life of citizens. The findings of the research show that the exceptional situation, in addition to limiting the public sphere, led to the expansion of authoritarianism and threats to public rights. The method of this research is descriptive and analytical in the form of cognitive linguistics and the theoretical framework of the exceptional situation of "Giorgio Agamben", which has been collected and analyzed through corpus studies.

The era of Seljuq rule over the Iranian plateau is an important part of the past of this land. The Seljuk Turkomans entered Iran with a tribal structure, and the heads of the Turkoman tribes each had their own independent power and territory and were subject to the citizenship of the Great Khan in emergency situations. Seljuk Sultan Tughrel was the first Seljuk leader who wanted to concentrate power in the hands of the Sultan. Gradually. The heads of the Turkmen tribes and military commanders, who were not interested in losing their freedom and authority in front of this form of government, therefore became one of the main opponents of increasing the power of the Sultan and concentrating power in his court. Until the death of Seljuk Sultan Malik Shah, the proponents of power concentration dominated the situationr. Arslan Arghun was one of the sons of Sultan Malek Shah who, after his death, raised a rebellion in Khorasan to achieve his goals. The main problem that the current research is looking for an answer to with a descriptive-analytical method and approach based on the main sources and coins related to the era of Arslan Arghun is to find out what purpose Arslan Arghun was pursuing from the rebellion against Burkiarq. ? The findings of the present research show that Arslan Arghun did not seek to take over the throne, but his goal was to divide the territory of the Great Seljuks and obtain an independent territory for himself.

The purpose of this research is to describe the manner of marriage and its related rules in the steppe societies of Central Asia in the pre-Islamic era. Therefore, after defining the steppe geography of Central Asia, it focused on the communities of this region and determined the main characteristics of the family institution among them. In the next step, marriage, traditions, and related conditions were taken into consideration and in-group, out-group, and political marriages were investigated as the most important types of marriages. Also, two of the most important marriage traditions of the steppe societies of Central Asia were investigated by focusing on the Leviratus tradition and the Qalin tradition, and it was found that the way of life of the people of those areas played an important role in the advent of such traditions. The final stage of this article was dedicated to examining the issue of polygamy and divorce. According to this research, polygamy was not common in all of the target communities, and it mainly depended on the man's economic status. Although divorce was not very common, it had different qualities depending on the type of issues between men and women; However, the norms of the steppe societies had caused the rights of both parties to be respected during divorce.

Ikhwaniat or personal letters are a type of historical source that contains diverse and rich social data. These letters which are mostly written outside of the political power system, have a unique feature that based on the writer of the letter has the opportunity to talk with the audience about the issues of his life, the personal status of the audience, and the condition of contemporary society. With this information, it is possible to show social data and present an image of the social atmosphere in people’s daily lives. The purpose of this article is to read the text of the Ikhwani letters in Atabat Al-Katabah from the perspective of social history and identify the categories of social history found in this important source during the Seljuk period. The main question in this article based on the descriptive and analytical method, is what categories of daily life can be identified in these letters? Based on the finding research, the importance of Ikhwani letters for social history studies is revealed. Also, categories such as complaints and dissatisfaction with the social situation, the effect of heavenly and natural disasters on people’s lives, the social hierarchy of people and its interior layers, family issues, the effect of politics on daily life, and similar cases can be achieved in the Seljuq era society.