نشریه پژوهش های کارآفرینی و نوآوری
سال دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 5، زمستان 1402)

One of the most important components of successful entrepreneurs is decision-making in a situation that can bring many dangers and risks to them. Entrepreneurs should always make tough decisions in the conditions of uncertainty and ambiguities in the startup environment and move toward their goals based on those decisions. These decisions accompanied by risk, whether financial, social or similar, can in turn determine the success or failure of the entrepreneur. In this research, we investigate the effect of the two components of working memory and motivation on the level of risk-taking of potential entrepreneurs, and we also observe the effect of age changes on each of these variables. The sample studied in this research is 142 potential entrepreneurs who intend to start a business in the future. We used a standard questionnaire to collect information related to people's motivation, and to measure their working memory performance and risk-taking, we used computerized cognitive tests of CANTAB software. The selected people are from the startup teams of the Convergent Technologies Research Institute of Tehran University. All these people have done their test individually in an isolated environment located in the Research Institute of Convergent Technologies of Tehran University in full compliance with the test protocol. In the research findings section, the relationships between the main and secondary variables were investigated and compared with the research hypotheses. The two indices that are important for measuring the fit of the research model are Chi-square and NFI, which are suitable if they are above 5% and 0.9, respectively, which was also the case in the findings of the present study. Then the coefficients of determination and effect size were examined. In the conclusion part of the research, we examined why some hypotheses were rejected and some were confirmed, and with the help of previous literature, we examined why each one. This research showed that there is a significant relationship between motivation and risk-taking performance of potential entrepreneurs. Also, by changing the motivation level of potential entrepreneurs, their working memory performance can be affected. On the other hand, the age variable was related to all variables of working memory, motivation, and risk-taking, but its relationship with motivation was contrary to existing literature, and our findings could not be properly aligned with previous studies. The reason for this can be motivated by the breadth of literature and it is better to consider more factors in another research. With the help of the findings of this research, entrepreneurs can be helped to make their risky decisions with higher quality and thus take a smoother path to reach their entrepreneurial goals. Finally, we know that entrepreneurs are one of the important elements of economic progress and helping them succeed can help the economy and welfare of the society

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of internal factors affecting the success of spin - off companies in Study of iranian state research institutes. 

This research was applied in terms of objective and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection method. The present study used a mixed qualitative-quantitative method, in which narrative analysis was used for qualitative data obtained from interviews and a questionnaire was used for quantitative data. The statistical population of the study consisted of technology startups with a history of more than three years that have gone through the market entry and growth stages, which were about 60 spin - off, and simple random sampling was used. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire to measure the research variables, the validity of which was confirmed by content and structure validity and the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha method. 

The research findings showed a significant relationship between the variables of mother institution assets, pre-formation support measures, and post-formation support measures and the success of spin - off companies, but no significant relationship was found between the mother institution culture variable and the success of spin - off companies.

Based on the research results, experts and planners can benefit from them and plan for improving and growing spin - off companies in research institutions by using the effective components identified in them. In other words, these results can be used as a guide for improving the activities of spin - off companies in research institutions.

In order to improve performance and gain competitive advantage, companies must provide optimal and appropriate financial strategies to provide the basis for The prosperity and development of the company's research and development activities. Implementing a financial strategy tailored to research and development activities can lead to innovation and ultimately better corporate performance. Therefore, given the importance of this study, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the financial strategy on the performance of Faran Chemical Pharmaceutical Company's staff, taking into account the company's research and development variable.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of financial strategy on the performance of employees of Faran Shimi Pharmaceutical Company, taking into account the mediating variable of the company's research and development.

This paper is an applied research not scrutiny and in terms of data collection Descriptive survey. Standard questionnaires have been used to compile data. All the employees of Faran Shimi Pharmaceutical Company constitute the statistical population of the research169 people from the statistical population were selected as sample through simple random sampling. In this research,
Structural equation modeling through  Lisrel software was used to test the hypothesis and ‎SPSS software was  used to analyze the data.

According to data analysis, since the research  hypotheses were significant, they were confirmed. This indicates ‎that the financial strategy of employee performance in Faran Chemical Pharmaceutical Company With mediating effect of  R&D activities of the company Company research and development has a positive and significant impact. This means that, in addition to direct impact on performance, the financial strategy also has an indirect performance through research and development activities Indirect effect on the  improvement of the performance ‎. Because research and development activities directly affect the performance of the company.

According to the findings, Whereas, research and development activities ‎play a mediating role, Faran Company senior executives need to select and implement appropriate financial strategies in the various areas of the company, especially research and development in the field of financial strategy, so that they can play an important role in improving the performance and progress of the Company.

The objective of this research was to identify the dimensions and components of policies and the process of urban entrepreneurship development in the social context of Tehran city in order to develop a comprehensive model of urban entrepreneurship and reduce social harms.

The research employed a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, utilizing data-based theory. Snowball sampling was used to select 20 urban entrepreneurship experts and entrepreneurship experts for semi-structured interviews. The collected data were then analyzed in three stages: open coding, central coding, and selective coding. This analysis led to the identification of 6 main components and 50 sub-indices.

The findings of the study confirmed the development process of urban entrepreneurship in Tehran, consisting of the following main categories: social factors, politics and laws, urban economy, good urban governance, urban cultural factors, and urban physical factors. Additionally, the quantitative part of the research employed structural equation testing to validate the data.

The results of this research provide valuable insights for managers, experts, and researchers in understanding the dimensions and components of the policy model and the development of urban entrepreneurship in the social context of Tehran. The comprehensive model developed in this study can contribute to reducing social harms and promoting urban entrepreneurship in the city.

The aim of this research was to identify the facilitating and hindering factors of entrepreneurship education of students in the northwestern provinces of the country and districts 5, 15 and 18 of Tehran. The present study is a mixed research and data theory method has been the basis of this research. The statistical population of this research includes the students of technical and professional universities, industrial universities and students of conservatories, and experts as well as officials of education departments. Using the results obtained from the study of the theoretical bases and the research process and analysis and analysis of the content of the conducted interviews, the primary indicators and criteria of facilitating and inhibiting factors in the education of students in technical and vocational schools were identified, and 140 saturated open codes were extracted and and 32 central codes were calculated after combination of them and finally by combining them, 29 optional codes were obtained. After the three stages of open coding, central coding, and selective coding, a paradigm model or a desirable model has been presented in the form of a paradigm. In the quantitative stage, the researcher had used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for the normality of the data, the sign test for the significance of the questionnaire questions, and the data dispersion test with the skewness and skewness test of the data. To discover the factors, the researcher has used Bartlett's special factor analysis test along with its components in the rotated and unrotated matrix for identification. The researcher has used Cronbach's alpha test for the reliability of the questionnaire. Finally, the general model of the research along with standard model, conceptual model, T-value model with the appropriateness of the model is designed by Laserl software.

The aim of this study is to examine the factors influencing consumer trust in purchasing digital currencies (cryptocurrencies) based on the Lee and Turban model. Method and Research::Nowadays, security and distrust are the most important concerns of cryptocurrency consumers. The research method used in this study is a combination of document-based (library) and quantitative survey methods, with a developmental objective. The sample size consisted of 385 active workers and students inside and outside the country who were involved in buying digital currencies and cryptocurrencies in 1399. The Lee and Turban model (2001) was selected as the base model for this research, and with the proposal of five hypotheses, the impact of each of the perceived organizational credibility, national electronic infrastructure, customer knowledge, experiential backgrounds, and risk-taking was examined using a descriptive method. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used for a more accurate analysis of the impacts in the final model. Considering the significant level obtained in the analysis of variance table, which is equal to 0.000, and comparing it with the 0.05 error level with 95% confidence, the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H1) is confirmed. Therefore, the results confirm all the hypotheses of this study. The confirmation of the hypotheses indicates that infrastructural, credibility, experiential, knowledge, and risk factors have an impact on creating consumer trust in purchasing digital currencies. The results show that risk-taking has the highest impact, while knowledge has the lowest impact on consumer trust in purchasing digital currencies