نشریه تحقیقات مالی اسلامی
سال دوازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 26، تابستان 1402)

In the opinion of famous Imami jurists, company is synonymous with admixturing. It means combining rights and properties in a way that cannot be.distinguished. which may be achieved due to optional means such as contract, menstruation, mixing or coercive means such as inheritance, mixing and the like.In this case, the matter is limited to those cases in which the combination is possible.Therefore, things like the company's debt, interests, actions and credits, which are ironically common in today's economy and banking, are out of the scope of the company. But can the agreement of both parties be the cause of diffusion and participation? And is it possible to realize the company without distribution? Or according to the traditional theory of diffusion in the realization of the company? The present research has tried to answer this question And by studying the sayings of the jurists by the method of induction and data analysis, he has come to the conclusion that The concept of participation in the thought of Imami jurists has evolved and evolved And according to the latest belief, diffusion is not a condition for the realization of the company Rather, initial participation in profit is sufficient without mixing of properties. By accepting this concept of the company, the challenges facing the traditional theory of the company have been resolved A new platform is provided for the realization of Islamic banking.

In recent years, the sukuk market has grown significantly. The sukuk market, as a financial intermediary, plays a positive and important role in the country's economic growth by stimulating capital accumulation and promoting the efficient allocation of resources. Macroeconomic factors are one of the most important factors affecting on the sukuk market development. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of macroeconomic factors on the sukuk market development with an emphasis on the role of financial risk in 11 selected Islamic countries for the period of 2013-2021 and using the panel ordinary least squares method. The results show that in the studied countries, the impact of financial risk, interest rate fluctuations and institutional quality on the sukuk market development is negative and significant, while, the stock market development, inflation and exports have a positive and significant impact on the sukuk market development. Moreover, the results did not show a significant impact of the banking sector development on the sukuk market development. An increase in financial risk causes an increase in uncertainty and instability and a decrease in the confidence of investors, and as a result, investors prefer to make less risky investments. Therefore, financial risk has a negative and significant impact on the sukuk market development. The findings of this study are significant for policy makers, governments and regulators in formulating policies to improve the current situation of the sukuk market.

Microfinance can be defined as a mechanism for providing various financial services to low-income groups. The current research was carried out with the aim of designing and validating the dimensions and components of the executive requirements of Islamic wisdom financing. In this research, a mixed exploratory approach was used, so that the qualitative method played an exploratory role and the quantitative method played a confirmatory role. Also, in the qualitative stage, the theme analysis method (Clark, 2006) and in the quantitative stage, modeling of structural equations using Smart PLS software has been used. The experts of this research are 25 people in the qualitative part and 60 people in the quantitative part from the experts and managers of the credit department and professors of the university by snowball sampling method. The findings of the research show that the aspects related to ownership and control, the characteristics of loan contracts and security are considered to be the most important aspects affecting the executive requirements of Islamic microfinance, respectively. The results of the model evaluation show that among the main categories related to the "loan contract features" dimension, payment method, responsibility and repayment method, contract cost, duration of the loan contract, and target group/business subject, respectively, as well as among the main categories related to the dimension "Security" is one of the most important categories that can affect the executive requirements of Islamic wisdom financing, respectively, the requirements of collateral/documents and proceedings.

One of the fundamental principles in the financial system for economic development and poverty reduction is financial inclusion, which is in line with the principles of justice and equality in the Islamic financial system. Financial inclusion refers to the accessibility, availability, and usage of the formal financial system by all members of an economy. Therefore, financial inclusion is a multi-dimensional phenomenon that requires effective supervision. Effective supervision not only strengthens the stability of banks but also ensures economic growth and builds trust in the financial system. One way to build trust is through the enactment and enforcement of laws that protect the interests of all stakeholders in a comprehensive economy.Therefore, the aim of this research was to present a model for analyzing the impact of central bank regulatory laws and financial technology on financial inclusion in the interest-free banking system in Iran. This study used a new approach to estimate the financial inclusion index. The research findings indicated that the regulatory laws of the central bank and financial technology are effective in developing financial inclusion. Furthermore, the research findings suggest that the development of financial technology, especially in the banking industry in recent years, has led to the expansion of financial inclusion in Iran, creating fair and equal access to financial products and services for individuals in society, which is the main goal of financial inclusion, and with the expansion of financial inclusion, financial deprivation in society has decreased.

The insurance industry is one of the manifestations of the progress of human societies, which, as one of the basic needs of people, has grown in proportion to the progress of societies. With the introduction of insurance in Muslim societies (takaful), this industry quickly attracted the attention of religious professionals. Therefore, relying on the importance of insurance and its role in supporting the economy of the society and its importance in Iran, this study aims to identify and rank the factors affecting Takaful demand by corporate insurers. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and hybrid in terms of method. All legal insurers including industrial, agricultural and service institutions such as refineries, sports complexes, mines, universities, hospitals, aviation complexes, petrochemicals constitute the statistical population of the research, whose number is 40 corporate insurers. The sampling method is judgmental, from the type of sample available and the number of samples is 101 corporate insurers. Questionnaire, interview, library study and document study were used to collect data. The number of primary factors is 3, which are categorized into 7 categories under the headings of innovation and technology, marketing and advertising policy, human resources, financial factors, external and control factors, organizational structure and ideological factors. In order to determine the importance of weighting criteria for companies, the best-worst (BWM) method was used, the TOPSIS method was used to determine the weight of sample insured companies, and the WASPAS-Fuzzy method was used to rank the factors affecting the choice of Takaful insurance.