فصلنامه علوم و فنون نظامی
پیاپی 66 (زمستان 1402)

One of the most important factors of sedition in the Islamic world is the emergence of Salafist thought. This current, as a system (belief and religion), has a special identity that, by polarizing the Islamic world, while distorting Islamic unity, can upset the stability and balance of Islamic societies and thus the security of Islamic countries by Faces a challenge. Iraq with its sensitive and geoplotical of position of deep interdependencies with Iran. According to the results, the situation of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the face of takfiri currents in a state of aggression is mild and shows that; it is necessary to take maximum advantage of environmental opportunities and rely on strengths to deal with emerging environmental threats and improve the current state of regional defense performance. This study aims to achieve strategies to deal with the impact of salafism threats in Iraq on the military security of the Islamic republic of Iran. The present study is an application-developmental and descriptive method. Components of the impact of salafism threats in Iraq on military security, after studying the library and compiled for approval by experts, the components and indicators have been evaluated. Then, in order to evaluate the current situation and their importance, a questionnaire was prepared and distributed among the members of the community and the required data were collected. The descriptive statistics and inferential statistics section were analyzed and then using the SWOT method. Strategies are determined and finally prioritized using TOPSIS method.

The main pillar of national security is to have borders with stable security. This study was prepared in terms of practical purpose, in terms of mixed methods and in terms of collecting statistics and information in the field and through interviews and questionnaire tools. The research participants in the qualitative part included 18 experts from the Faraja border police, Faraja air police and Faraja drone police who were selected by a purposeful judgment method. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The statistical community of the quantitative part of the experts of Faraja specialized police, border guard command, Faraja air force and UAV and there are 72 people who were selected as the members of the statistical sample of the qualitative part and answered the valid and valid questionnaire of the researcher. In this research, the thematic analysis method was used in MAXQDA software to analyze the qualitative data, and SPSS software was used for the descriptive and inferential analysis of the data obtained from the quantitative part. The findings led to the identification of 29 basic themes, 15 organizing themes and 3 comprehensive themes in order to identify new border monitoring methods with emphasis on new technologies. The results showed that the universal themes identified in the form of 1- aerial, 2- optical and 3- electronic methods can play a significant role in border monitoring and are suitable predictors for the technological monitoring of the borders of the Islamic Republic of Iran. be considered

The reason for the current research is to distinguish the components of scientific authority in marine science and technology of the nation

This research is mixed exploratory(quantitative and subjective) and has been done by survey methods. The statistical population in the qualitative part of the inquiry were eight members. In the quantitative part of the research, sampling of a statistical population of 180 people including professors and experts in marine sciences, Ports and Maritime Organization marine science experts and naval commanders was randomly done. The classification of the categories within the statistical test was explored, and in addition, the discoveries were analyzed with the assistance of Lisrel software.

The discoveries of the investigation showed the six fundamental categories of the authority of marine science and technology, counting extraordinary approaches in marine science and technology, having a particular trustee within the field of the ocean, sea culture, a process approach within the specialist of marine science and technology, maritime civilization and maritime discretion.

Originality: 

These 6 primary categories together with 26 other subcategories were displayed within the frame of an organized show of scientific authority in marine science and technology

Free riding in arms exports refers to the phenomenon wherein arms-exporting countries can reduce their military spending by exporting arms and military equipment to their allies. This allows them to benefit from the positive security effects created by these countries. The main objective of this article is to analyze the occurrence of free riding in arms exports among NATO countries, which is considered the largest military treaty in the world, during the period from 1995 to 2018.

The research method used is descriptive and analytical. The description part utilizes the Document method, while the analysis part relies on econometric concepts. In order to achieve the research purpose, the impact of arms exports between NATO member countries on their military expenditure, along with other influential factors, has been modeled using static panel and dynamic panel models.

Empirical results using fixed effects (FE) and generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators show that arms exports from NATO member countries to other member countries of this treaty had a significant negative effect on military expenditure. Other results also indicate that other factors affecting the military expenditures of NATO countries are significant and have the expected sign, which confirms the robustness of the results.

Originality: 

it can be said that exporting weapons to allied military countries not only generates foreign exchange earnings but also reduces military expenditure. This reduction allows for the reallocation of these costs to other sectors that stimulate economic growth through the creation of positive security externalities effects.

The space full of uncertainty, complex and ambiguous has a direct impact on the battlefield; Because it has caused the loss of morale of the military and soldiers and even citizens and is a real threat to the forces that continue to fight in difficult war conditions. Article examines the concepts of dust and friction in war from the perspective of one of the military theorists named "Clausewitz", identifying and explaining the factors and elements that make up dust and friction in today's battles is the goal of research. Research is mixed and applied and it has been done as a case in the field of war. The statistical population of experts is all professors and commanders who have been active in this field, 21 people were selected as a sample in the form of snowball, the relevant questionnaires were distributed among the statistical population in full and fuzzy Delphi approach, 12 The components were identified and prioritized.The concept of dust and friction in war refers to the difficulty of making decisions in battlefield. The decisions of war commanders in a state of ambiguity and uncertainty cannot be correct decisions; Because in order to win the war and have a strong and reliable performance, they must get complete and correct picture of the battle scene.The factors such as threats of cyber space, lack or saturation of information, technological disadvantages and revolution in military affairs cause ambiguity  uncertainty and dust and friction in today's wars.

Given Iran's ongoing role in the Middle East and the constant threat of external threats, it is imperative that I must take action on the critical and important steps for my country Of the measures that can prevent the occurrence of malignancies Choosing the right place the activity in which the ability of a particular region, the existence of appropriate and sufficient land and its consistency with other urban and rural land uses is analyzed to select suitable locations the desired application. locationsting critical and sensitive centers using geomorphological parameters, this research has used questionnaire design through survey studies and interviews with geomorphological experts about factors affecting the selection of critical centers. Then ratings based on the weights of criteria for each factor were identified. Finally, data layers of the region such as slope map, slope direction, elevation, line maps, distance from urban and rural centers, Distance from the river, fault maps, geological maps(1:100000) Climatic Parameters , Aerial photo with scale(1/55000) , Landsat satellite imagery ETM, TM, MMS and Google Earth are used to identify the landforms point addresses have been collected and converted into rasters and multiplied by the weights of the criteria, the suitable locations have been chosenthe research tools are surveyed topographic maps, geology and satellite and aerial images of the area as well as interviews with experts identifying the effective factors in locating critical and important centers with emphasis on passive defense And after identifying them using ANP DAMATE to compare the criteria has been analyzed.

Since the beginning of the Islamic Revolution, Israel has sought to control and limit Iran's influence and, if possible, to change Iran, and after trying different ways from hard-war to soft influence, it has turned to a new way of war, i.e. its hybrid nature, hence the article. The present is seeking to identify and draw scenarios for the combined war of Israel against the Islamic Republic of Iran in the horizon of 2029.

The current research is an exploratory description in terms of its practical purpose and in terms of its nature and method, based on the seven-step scenario writing future research method. The statistical sample of the research is 17 professors of armed forces universities, commanders and managers in strategic jobs, and information was collected in a library and field form using brainstorming methods and interviews with experts.

In this article, while using the scenario method, four future scenarios have been drawn around Israel's combined war against Iran, and these scenarios have been narrated by describing four scenario plans.

Originality: 

In the scenario of cyber-electronic attacks, cyber threats against the country's infrastructure have been narrated. In the scenario of cultural invasion, Israel's soft war attack against Iranians is depicted. The hard-war scenario draws the hardware-like drawing of the war in alliance with America, and the scenario of Iran's deterrence power and the inability to impose a combined war describes the country's defense ability in dealing with a combined war in the horizon of 2029.

This article is the result of a research work that was written with the aim of explaining the challenges of developing joint operation regulations and the ways out of them. The research method is the type of applied research, the descriptive – case research method and its mixed approach. The statistical population includes documents and 15 experts of the army and armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran, who were sampled using the full number method. Experts and distribution of the questionnaire have been collected, Qualitative data have been analyzed using Qualitative methods and quantitative data have been analyzed using SPSS software. Some of the most important results of the research include the lack of understanding and understanding of the meaning, common concepts, and definitions of the regulations and their limits and the relationship between the regulations, doctrine, strategy, instructions, policy, and planning; lack of strategic and operational force doctrine; lack of resources in the field of joint operations; Lack of sufficient knowledge about joint forces and joint operations among editors; Absence of higher doctrine; the existence of challenges in drafting force regulations; lack of competent human resources in the field of joint forces and joint operations; Weak organizational culture in teamwork and joint work; Organizational conflict is a threat instead of an opportunity; The exclusivity of drafting regulations in the department of Education and Training; Failure to fully use collective wisdom; Force bias and ...

To achieve strategies and solutions to deal with paramilitary security threats in the Islamic Republic of Iran by emphasizing the guidelines of the Imams of the Revolution. Descriptive-analytical and combined (qualitative and quantitative) with an exploratory approach, in addition to document study and structured interviews with experts, a 5-option Likert scale questionnaire including 82 indicators was used and the statistical population included 40 people, after Validity and reliability tests have been processed using the SWAT technique. In the form of strategies and solutions developed in the two dimensions of power enhancement and power building in order to achieve superior power in the region concerned by the contract. In terms of increasing power, if some kind of balance in the regional sphere is done in parallel with influencing the military and security equations by exploiting the strategic position, creating and taking advantage of the power of liberation movements, then many regional risks and threats of Iran will be reduced. In the aspect of empowerment, the strategies developed by considering all-round defense emphasize the following: Relying on the authority of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, strengthening internal cohesion at all levels, self-reliance in all fields with a jump in production, relying on popular mobilization, identifying and confronting threats. Farano and creating the necessary infrastructure to deal with them and pay attention to all-round defense

India and China are known as two powers with high geopolitical weight, whose geopolitical action is visible in other geographical areas as well. Meanwhile, one of the important geographical areas that is the scene of geopolitical competition between these two countries is the Southwest Asia region.

This research, with a qualitative method and a descriptive-analytical approach, and using library resources and a questionnaire, seeks to investigate the theoretical model governing the geopolitical competition of two countries in Southwest Asia. Then, by using the Delphi technique and using a questionnaire, the indicators affecting the geopolitical competition of the two countries were screened.

The results of this research show that 15 influential indicators in the geopolitical competition of two countries in Southwest Asia are: strategic straits in the region, strategic positions, communication positions, mineral resource transmission lines, road maritime transportation, striving for regional sovereignty, gaining political position, strategic depth, geopolitical codes, geopolitics of energy, access to trade routes, securing and maintaining stable economic interests, competition for mineral resources, competition for military power and defense-security treaties with major and regional powers. In addition, the calculated indicators were placed in the four dimensions of access, political, economic and military geography.

A detailed understanding of the geopolitical competition between India and China in Southwest Asia will determine the possibility of the correct policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran towards the two mentioned powers in the region.