Journal of Manufacturing Innovations
Volume:1 Issue: 1, Winter 2023

In this article an attempt is made to prepare W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe alloy and W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe/Y2O3 composite by powder metallurgy route. A detailed experimental study was performed to characterize the influence of ceramic particles Y2O3 and Ca impurities on microstructure and mechanical properties. The raw powder materials were mixed and then mechanically milled for 3h in Ar atmosphere. Y2O3 powder was added to milled powders in the last 30 min of milling. The milled powders were cold compacted at 300 MPa in cylindrical form and then subjected to liquid phase sintering at 1470 ˚C in dried Hydrogen atmosphere. The sintered samples were characterized for microstructure studies (SEM equipped with EDS), physical properties (Density and Young’s modulus) and mechanical properties (Rockwell hardness and Compressive strength). All sintered samples exhibited sintered density in the range of 15.4 to 16 g/cm3 (94 to 99 % relative density). Y2O3 and Ca impurities had a controlled role on W grain size growth. The compressive strength of composite samples increased up to 800MPa for W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe-1 Y2O3. Uniform distribution of W spheroids in Ni-Fe matrix was observed in sintered samples. The mean grain size of sintered samples varied in the range of 12 to 30 𝜇m.

Among the high-tech industries like automotive, aerospace, electronics, etc., aluminum matrix cast composites (AMCCs) are widely applied for the fabrication of accountable and especially acute pieces. During the present study, hybrid aluminum base composites containing Mg2Si and Al3Ni particles were fabricated successfully in casting moods and their structural characteristics were evaluated under different solidification conditions. A variety of microstructural measurements were performed on the composite microstructure in this study, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, a hardness test was conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the material. Results indicate that increasing the cooling rate during solidification reduces the average size of the Mg2Si initial phases, improves their distribution uniformity and increases their final amount, whereas the average size of the Al3Ni particles decreases greatly but their content remains the same. In comparison to base alloys, hybrid composite with Mg2Si and Al3Ni particles shows the highest hardness.

Using friction stir process (FSP) followed by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), a surface composite consisting of Al5083 alloy as the base metal and TiO2 and CeO2 particles as reinforcements was produced. During the PEO process, the base metal was coated with an oxide layer containing the reinforcing particles in an electrolytic solution. FSP was then applied to the PEO-coated base metal. The effect of these nano-sized reinforcements either individually or in combined form on the microstructure, surface hardness, wear behavior, and corrosion resistance of the FSPed samples was studied and compared with the base alloy with no reinforcing particles. The FSP was performed with a rotational speed of 1400 rpm, using a cylindrical threaded hardened steel pin. Optical and scanning electron microscope examinations revealed that the reinforcing particles were uniformly distributed inside the nugget zone (NZ). The PEO and FSP processes resulted in distribution of reinforcing particles, microstructural modification, and considerable improvement in mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the base alloy. The results showed that the 15 minutes plasma electrolytic oxidation of CeO2 particles, resulted in the most improvement in hardness, corrosion resistance and wear resistance compared to other processing conditions. The corrosion behavior of the samples was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization tests in a standard 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution. The study was aimed to fabricate surface composites with improved wear behavior and corrosion resistance simultaneously.

The subject of this study is to investigate the effects of surface welding on welding residual stress, analyzing temperature fields, and distortion in low carbon steel. This work aims to simulate residual stresses that appeared during the surface welding of the carbon steel plates via finite element analysis using the ABAQUS software. This analysis includes a finite element model for the thermal and mechanical welding simulation. It also includes a material deposit, temperature-dependent material properties, metal plasticity, and elasticity. The welding simulation was considered as a coupled temperature-displacement analysis. The element birth and death technique was employed for the simulation of filler metal deposition. The residual stress distribution, distortion magnitude, and temperature changes in the center weld metal were obtained. The results showed that applying boundary conditions of mechanical led to a decrease in the plastic strain. In addition, the residual stresses and the temperature fields are dependent on several factors, which include the different boundary conditions and the pre-heating temperature.

In this study, resistance spot welding (RSW) of 316 stainless steel has been studied, focusing on the welding current (10, 15, and 18 kA) and its impact on the microstructure, mechanical, and corrosion properties. The laboratory verification of welding joints has been achieved by studying the mechanical behavior of welded joints using the tensile–shear tests. Microstructure examination has been done using optical microscopy (OM), surface morphology characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The corrosion behavior of weld joints has been studied using a potentiodynamic polarization (PD) technique in a 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution. Evaluation of the welded joints indicated that corrosion resistance of RSW joint at 15 kA welding current is higher than that of other joints, whereas the corrosion rate of RSW joint at 10 kA welding current is less than that of RSW joint at 18 kA welding current. In the presence of ferrite phase, mechanical and corrosion properties improved.

Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice, exhibits extraordinary properties that have attracted widespread attention across various scientific disciplines. This paper explores the transformative impact of monolayer graphene in the field of sensor technology, specifically focusing on Graphene Field-Effect Transistors (GFETs) and Graphene Hall Sensors, and their applications in biomedical contexts. The unique combination of mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and optical transparency in monolayer graphene has positioned it as an ideal material for sensor development. In the biomedical domain, graphene’s biocompatibility and high surface area have opened avenues for applications in drug delivery systems, biosensors, and biomaterials for tissue engineering. The paper delves into the operational principles of GFETs, highlighting their ambipolar electric field effect, reduced short channel effects, and recent advancements in bandgap engineering. GFETs offer versatility in high-frequency electronics, digital electronics, sensing applications, and flexible/wearable electronics. The fabrication process of GFETs involves synthesizing high-quality graphene, transferring it onto substrates, precise patterning, and electrode fabrication. These steps play a crucial role in determining the final performance and application potential of GFETs. Graphene Hall Sensors, another focus of this paper, leverage graphene’s exceptional electronic properties for unparalleled precision in magnetic field detection. The advantages include high sensitivity, low power consumption, and compatibility with flexible substrates. The fabrication process involves synthesizing high-quality graphene, transferring it onto substrates, precise patterning, and final integration steps. The paper concludes by emphasizing the pivotal role of monolayer graphene in advancing sensor technologies, particularly in biomedical applications. The review underscores the potential of graphene-based sensors in enhancing sensitivity, specificity, and overall performance, thereby contributing to advancements in personalized medicine, health monitoring, and environmental sensing.

The The aim Electron beam melting (EBM) is a rapidly evolving additive manufacturing (AM) technology demonstrating immense potential for biomedical applications due to its ability to fabricate complex and high-performance metal components. This review critically examines the current state of EBM for biomedical alloys, focusing on key aspects like material compatibility, process parameters, microstructure and mechanical properties, post-processing, and biological performance. We analyze the advantages and limitations of EBM compared to other AM and traditional manufacturing techniques for medical devices, highlighting its unique capabilities in producing lattice structures and patient-specific implants. Finally, we explore the latest advancements in EBM technology, including novel materials, multi-material printing, and in-situ monitoring, emphasizing their potential for further revolutionizing the field of biocompatible implants and medical devices.