پژوهش نامه روانشناسی اسلامی
سال نهم شماره 19 (پاییز و زمستان 1402)

The goal of the educational system of Islam is to perfect humans. In this system, education is nothing more than fostering potential aptitudes of human. This study aims to introduce a model of human aptitudes based on Islamic teachings. The method was Ijtehadic Paradigm of Relgios Science. Results showed that Islamic texts have enough richness for extraction of a model of aptitudes. Also, “the model of aptitudes based on Islamic teachings” is a process-like model which starts from Fitrat and ends with the transformation of human natural abilities to aptitudes. Additionally, with the intervention of cognitive-motivational mechanisms of wisdom the path to discovery of aptitudes is paved and with the intervention of cognitive-motivational mechanisms of ignorance aptitudes would go to waste.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of couple group training for conflict resolution based on Islamic approach on marital adjustment and marital satisfaction in Isfahan. This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, and control groups. The statistical population was couples referring to counseling centers in Isfahan in year 2022, of which 32 couples were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly were assigned to experimental (16 couples) and control (16 couples) groups. Spinner Marital Adjustment Questionnaire and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire were used in pre- and post-tests. In the experimental group, for ten sessions of ninety minutes, the methods of conflict resolution with the Islamic approach were taught and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 software and analysis of covariance. Findings showed that group training for couple conflict resolution with Islamic approach has increased marital adjustment and its dimensions as well as marital satisfaction and its dimensions (P <0.001). According to the results, this method can be used to help maintain the foundation of the family and improve the couple's relationship.

Empirical psychology of religion date back almost to the establishment of empirical psychology itself. Since the establishment of psychology there has been research interest in religion and religiosity in mainstream psychology or margins of psychology. This interest produced numerous researches, various psychological tests, writing scientific books, and teaching psychology of religion courses in universities around the world. In this paper, using book review method, we critically look into a book in the field of psychology of religion by Masoud Azarbayjani, after two decades from its publication: “Developing Religious Orientation Scale based on Islam”. In this book, a valid scale has been introduced which does not measure religious orientation or forms of religiosity, has nothing to do with self-awareness, and it does not illustrate domains of religiosity. The scale introduced in the book is a valid and reliable scale of general of Muslims or Islamic orthodoxy. The concept of “religious orientation” and its scales have been discussed.

While human social well-being relies on interpersonal relationships, high levels of interpersonal conflict lead to reduced commitment, increased communication problems, decreased job satisfaction, and increased stress. A proper understanding of the deep concepts applied in Islamic sources necessitates familiarity with terminologies. This research aims to conceptually clarify interpersonal conflict in Islamic sources (Quran and Hadith). To achieve this, a qualitative content analysis method was employed along with linguistic semantics to elucidate the conceptual framework. In assessing the congruence of these concepts, a method of content validity was used. In the first section, by establishing the semantic field of conflict in interpersonal relationships, 30 concepts were identified, out of which 23 were validated through reliability assessment, while 7 concepts (including competition, division, opposition, dispute, criticism, tension, and conflict) were excluded. The findings indicate that concepts indicative of conflict in interpersonal relationships fall into three categories: cognitive concepts (including competition, disagreement of opinions, division, dissent, disagreement); emotional concepts (including aversion, animosity, division, conflict); and behavioral concepts (including verbal conflict, debate, quarrel, contradiction, enmity, debate, contention); and non-verbal concepts (including confrontation, clash, rivalry, opposition, conflict, hostility, contention, avoidance).

Achieving mental health has occupied the minds of psychologists and thinkers for years. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between positive and negative dimensions of mental health with religiosity and attachment styles with of sense of coherence as mediating variable. The research method was of the correlational type and the statistical population was all Farsi-speakers who had access to social networks. A statistical sample of 213 men and women were selected through convenient sampling and filled out the following scales: Revised Religiosity Styles Scale, Sense of Coherence Questionnaire, Attachment Questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire, Psychological Well-being Scales, and Satisfaction with Life Scale. Findings showed that there was a significant correlation between the research variables. Also, religiosity and attachment could explain the variance of different dimensions of mental health. Another important finding was the mediating ability of the sense of coherence in the relationship between religiosity and attachment with mental health dimensions. According to the structural model of the research, if attachment with two factors A and C is present in the model, the sense of coherence can explain the relationship between religiosity and attachment with mental health.

The present research was conducted with the aim of predicting self-efficacy based on spiritual intelligence and personality factors. This is an applied correlational research. The statistical population was the female university student of Qom city, and based on the formula of Tabachnick and Fidell, 150 of them were selected using available sampling. Data collection tools included Bandura’s self-efficacy scale, Abdullahzadeh et al.’s spiritual intelligence scale, and NEO personality inventory. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson's correlation coefficient and simultaneous and stepwise regression. Results showed that there were relationships between spiritual intelligence and personality factors with self-efficacy. The regression results indicated that the prediction of self-efficacy based on spiritual intelligence and personality factors was significant at the 0.01 level. Therefore, according to the predictive power of the variables studied in this research, counselors and therapists in counseling centers can pay special attention in their methods and treatments to spiritual intelligence and the Five Factor personality that can influence people's self-efficacy.