نشریه سیاست پژوهی اسلامی ایرانی
سال دوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 7، پاییز 1402)

The art of inscription writing represents a valuable legacy that delves into the political wisdom of Iranians. The content of these inscriptions, as implied by their name, comprises ethical, religious, political, and social admonitions from the elite and statesmen of the time to the sovereign. The epistolary style of the inscriptions paints a portrait of the ideal king and the aspirations of Iranian elites. By considering them as a crystallization of one of the most important forms of wisdom, one can identify a ruler who possesses both Iranian and ancient roots as the ideal king. This paper explores the concepts and structures of Darius the Great's rule by studying the Behistun Inscription. Here, the structures of the ideal ruler in the Behistun Inscription, using the phenomenological method and within the theoretical framework of Parato Elitism, are examined in both the mental and tangible dimensions. It seeks to answer the question: What are the attributes of the ideal ruler in the Behistun Inscription? What characteristics should this ruler possess to be recognized as the ideal sovereign, beyond obtaining the competence of governance?.

Indigenous modernity in the historical sociology of Iran has always been one of the important and focal issues and different definitions and descriptions of this concept have been presented. The abundance of such descriptions has made these concepts, to a large extent, turn into abstract and undefined categories. In the following article, the authors try to provide a comparative and critical plan of the content of the works of two scholars in the field, Abbas Milani (1328-H.) and Mohammad Tawakli Targhi (1336-H.), while examining the category of indigenous modernity; Milani and Tavakoli Targhi are among those who believe in indigenous modernization in Iran. For this reason, we will review various aspects of their thought in the following lines by reading their texts so that we can at least explain the evolution of this concept to these two authors and answer this question: How these two thinkers consider the result of modernity as a native continuity in line with Iran's historical-cultural developments and not as an imported development from the western world.

The structure of pre-constitutional political power reflects metaphysical governmentality. With the arrival of modernity in Iran, some components of physical governmentality under the name of constitutional government were considered in the minds of intellectuals. The intellectuals of this period knew the reasons for the backwardness of the country and the progress of the West in the differences between the foundations of the governmentality. Among these intellectuals is Mirza Malekom Khan. He sought to lay the groundwork for government reform in Iran. Thus, he tried to correct the shortcomings and make the political system more efficient by criticizing power, and this led to the comparison of the pre-modern, pre-modern society and authoritarian government with the democratic and legitimate West. This descriptive-analytical method and using the main text of Malkom Khan's works seeks to analyze the principles of modern governmentality in his mind and explain the transition to mechanical rule based on law and order in the mind of this intellectual. The result of the present article is that Malkom Khan was a pioneer and propagandist of modernism and considered the solution to get out of Iran's backwardness in adhering to the monarchy, following the idea of freedom and the rule of law and accepting the modern system of government.

Seyyed Ahmad Mostafavi Khomeini (1946-1995) is the son of Imam Khomeini, as one of the important political activists before and after the Islamic Revolution. Although he is well known as one of the first-hand sources of contemporary political historiography due his presence and activity during the struggle and exile and Imam's leadership, in research,, his opinions and political life are rarely mentioned. Administration Imam's Beit (house) during the exile, struggles, and establishment of the Islamic revolution, developments related to the imposed war, issues related to the dismissal of the deputy leadership and the writing of the Ranjnameh are among the turning points of his life. The issue of this research is why Ahmad Khomeini wrote the Ranjnameh. In the present study, an attempt is made to explain the text of Ranjnameh as one of the most important political letters in the history of contemporary Iran, using the approach of analyzing the critical discourse of Norman Fairclough and the role of Ahmad in the developments of the first decade of the Islamic Revolution. Using this approach, the base is processed and checked in the index. The findings of the research show Ahmad Khomeini, considering the political and social situation of Iran in the 1980s and variables such as Imam Khomeini's illness and the changes in power relations in the 1960s, tried to create a new political and religious meaning in the field by compiling the manifesto. In line with political identification, the reproduction of the ideological beliefs of the Islamic Revolution, the consolidation and organization of the public consent for the selection of the new successor of the leadership and the persuasion of the public opinion.

The political orientation to the interpretation of the Holy Quran has been one of the interpretation methods and one of the innovations of the commentators of the Holy Quran in recent centuries. According to this trend, the commentators seek to find answers to the political issues of the societies and seek the solution to the problems and problems from the Holy Quran. Sayyid Qutb's comments regarding political issues in this interpretation are facing challenges, the nature of which is the problem of this article. The method of collecting information in this research is library and documentary and with descriptive and analytical methods. has been placed. In order to achieve this purpose, using Quentin Skinner's hermeneutic intentionalist methodological model, the understanding and decoding of the hidden meaning behind Seyyed Qutb's opinions was discussed. Based on the findings and results of the article, the dual linguistic and intellectual fields such as the influence of the political family, the internal crises of the Islamic world, joining the Muslim Brotherhood, the intellectual influence of the Al-Manar movement, the influence of the contemporary Salafi movement and imprisonment on the one hand, and practical and environmental contexts such as governance Religion, Jahili society, influence on radical groups, instrumental view of religion, strong stance on people of the book and strict criticism of western civilization on the other hand, caused Seyyid Qutb to adopt the method of political interpretation

In the field of Iran's foreign policy, many books and articles have been written by foreign and domestic thinkers. Studying each of them provides readers with a new understanding. Mohammadreza Tajik in the book "Foreign Policy : The Terrain of non-decision and non_ Management?!" has tried to investigate Iran's foreign policy in the form of radical displacement of discourses and the game of discourses. In other words, in addition to the description, he has also criticized the foreign policy. Although he has been successful in this matter, but due to the changing discourses, he has not provided a solution to solve the harms and issues of foreign policy. Also, in this book, he has focused more on the description of the propositions of the discourse. Idealism, economic pragmatism, and political-cultural pragmatism have been discussed, and the reasons and methods of formation and different institutions and organizations in their creation have been less discussed. Domestic and foreign policy during the reform period has made this book one of the important sources for understanding Iran's foreign policy.

The purpose of forming the axis of resistance has been to defend and support the liberating movements and the oppressed of the world against the colonial policies of the domination system. Iran has always been accused of exporting the ideology of revolutionary Islam and forming the Persian Shiite Empire. The main question of this research is, what is the purpose of Iran with its active presence in the axis of resistance? The hypothesis of the current research is that the Islamic Revolution of Iran, in accordance with the principles of its constitution and by emphasizing the national interests, supports the oppressed and the liberating movements of the world, and by being present and playing a role in the axis of resistance, it gives meaning and meaning to its nature and survival. The theoretical framework of this research has been developed based on the theories of the Copenhagen school, the research method has been compiled with a descriptive-analytical approach and by reading first-hand sources, and it comes to the conclusion that playing the role of the Islamic Revolution in the axis of resistance was in line with its ideological nature. Recognizing the universal capabilities of Islam, he has led this axis and its other actors.