فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت ترافیک
پیاپی 22 (پاییز 1390)

Drivers from all over the world are obliged to learn the traffic regulations and achieve a valid driving certification to allow them to enter the traffic system. With the passage of time, a driver’s awareness of those traffic regulations decreases, although this is not an issue that has been commonly explored in academic literature. Therefore, the main goal of this research study is to examine the relationship between the time that has elapsed since a driver achieves their driving certification and their awareness of traffic regulations. The research method is by survey, and the statistical population consists of all individuals aged 18-65 in Yasouj that have a valid driving certification and a private car. Three hundred and eighty nine subjects were selected by the random multi-stage sampling method. The measurement tool is a questionnaire, by which content validity has been used for determination of the validity, and the reliability was measured with the Richard-Kuderson method. The descriptive research findings show that a driver’s awareness toward traffic regulations in total is moderate to low, towards the epistle regulations is also moderate to low, and toward signposts, is moderate to high. The inferential research findings also show that there is a negative significant relationship between the time-elapsed since gaining driving certification and awareness towards traffic regulations.

Mass transit decreases traffic congestion and improves equality of access to transport in urban areas. However, this equality is not commonly observed for the physically disabled, of which the visually impaired, or people with vision difficulties, form part. A lack of substructure supplies for the blind in Mass transit systems means that these systems not accessible for them and also causes a threat to their safety. Despite the fact that there have been substantial improvements to develop public transportation systems for the visually impaired in recent years, including urban areas, sidewalks and public transportation station development, there are still some deficiencies, especially for the approach of the visually impaired to access transportation systems. A major part of these deficiencies is related to the transportation infrastructure and a lack of the use of modern technologies in transportation for the blind. Several technologies have been developed to facilitate the transportation of blind people in urban areas, of which the most modern and compatible techniques are navigation systems. These systems have not been introduced to and applied in Iran, and therefore the modern technologies for blind transportation navigation are evaluated and analyzed in this paper, and the essence of using this system in urban areas is presented. Finally, there is a case study of Tehran’s white cane blind educational centre, and the necessity of using this system for the visually impaired population in Tehran is studied and evaluated.

This research study is based on an investigation into traffic violations and accidents, and was carried out in the first eight months of [Western Date]. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of negative scores on the reduction of traffic violations and traffic accidents by using data from the police and also forensic statistics and information. To this end, the statistical population considered in this study includes individuals involved in the total number of accidents, whether they are deceased, traumatized or injured. Data used includes the number of recorded negative scores for each of the first eight months of [Western Date] and similar access violations in [Date] 1389 according to the coroner and traffic police. The statistical technique that was used in this research study is a comparison and combination method. After analysis, evaluation and comparison of the statistical results related to the research, it is concluded that in [Date] 1390, in which there were 18,596 accidents, there is exhibited an 18% decrease compared to the previous year. In addition, in the first eight months of [Date] 1389, the total number of accidents that occurred resulted in the deaths of 17,098 people, which when compared with a similar sample in 1390 shows a 13% reduction as compared with 14,865 deaths in serious accidents on roads.

The aim of this article is to present a comparison of driver errors and traffic violations between women and men in Rasht, alongside a method to predict the risk of intentional driving errors as a result of a study of 83 drivers (36 female and 47 male). These drivers were asked to complete a driving behavior Manchester questionnaire, and the data was analyzed with a t test for independent groups, as well as the Pearson correlation test and regression analysis, using the SPSS-16 software. The results showed that there are significant differences between male and female drivers with regards to slip-ups, intentional errors, mistakes and non-intentional errors. Female drivers exhibit more slip-up mistakes, whereas males tend to be probe to more intentional and unintentional driver errors. Analysis of the results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between drivers who commit inadvertent errors and slip-ups, and between intentional and unintentional errors, and also between mistakes and slip-ups. In addition, there is a significant negative relationship between inadvertent errors and slip-ups. The forecast errors were deliberate errors (intentional offenses), and the stepwise regression analysis method showed that unintentional errors and intentional errors couldbe predicted in the drivers. Since driving behavior is very complex and many factors are involved in conducting correct driving with regards to gender differences and personalities in women and men, this study proposes that driver training should involve a genderspecific component. Police chief executives should be given the power to conduct the necessary planning to improve traffic safety, and the results of this study should also be used for cultural awareness and society-building.

Rising living standards, an increase the value of time, problems in the supply of transport infrastructure such as the expense of earth, the implementation of construction projects and an increase in the number of road casualties mean that the government have been obliged to examine the progress of technology; looking for new solutions to overcome transport problems. In Iran, similarly to other countries, traffic problems are an important and worrying issue, especially with regards to congestion and accidents. Since the various agencies became involved with transportation, a variety of projects have been carried out in relation to public transport, in order to solve some of these problems. However, the master plan, related to the implementation of intelligent transportation systems, has not been considered yet in Iran. With an increase in the capacity for traffic engineering around the world, and the development of many methods and tools for traffic management, there has been the advent of Intelligent Transportation Systems. Intelligent Transportation Systems in the field of traffic engineering is a new concept, with a very important role, which may become responsible for the dynamics and security of transportation. These systems increase the efficiency of the transportation network and the traffic; for example, one component of intelligent transportation systems is the Bus Rapid Transit System in cities. However, in Zanjan city, there are obstacles to improving transportation networks and implementing these systems. In this paper, the concept of the Bus Rapid Transit System and obstacles to its implementation will be analyzed for Zanjan city.

Despite a move to modern time, few parents trust today’s public transport system to transport their children unaccompanied. Therefore, there is in an increase in the problem of overuse of cars, as these children must then travel with their parents. One of the most effective travel systems to promote the sustainability of a city is based onbicycle paths and related spaces; although the less accessible routes are also considered important. A sense of independence and the child's needs are often ignored in society, as they are not usually permitted to cycle independently. However, children account for more than one third of the world’s population; with a valuable wealth that is ignored sometimes due to the application of legal age. Although society is aware of the premise that children are the key to their future and a valuable human resource, ensuring the safety of the physical, cultural, social and psychological needs of children in a single trip is essentially to promote their independence and encourage unaccompanied travel. There is a lack of studies in this regard, therefore there is now a need to pay particular attention to children and their travel needs, and this paper will attempt to determine solution to this problem by way of literature review. In this manner, there will be a study of the needs and characteristics of children, their role in sustainable development and required variations of systems of bicycle routes. The paper will then suggest that the design of children’s bike paths should be based on an architectural approach towards achieving independence for children in the urban transport system. Obviously, these bike paths should be based on a culture of being welcoming towards children and attractive for them, otherwisethey will be abandoned and unused. Therefore, the study has examined the characteristics of children and their needs with regards to design of their ideal bike path. This eliminates the need for them to be solely located in peripheral areas, and will focus on the type of bike paths, the creation of an appropriate space in the vicinity of the road, and the need to be attractive and consistent with their needs.