جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سیاستگذاری » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

One of the epistemological debates in Cyberspace is the ethical implication of indeterminacy, which arises from its inherent zero-infinity binary logic. Since this logic is both linguistic and mathematical in nature, we argue that it can be discursively problematized. The central question here is: how can we discuss cyberspace when the zero-one binary in cyberspace is endlessly and infinitely regenerated despite our unchanging situation? The second question to be addressed is: How the issue of indeterminacy in cyberspace can lead to a crisis in our real-world cognitive schemas? Given that the indeterminacy in cyberspace stems from a shift in its verification-falsification logic, we believe that this logic can be analyzed through Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorem and Cantor's continuum hypothesis. Therefore, this paper positions itself within the axiomatic framework of these two scholars to reconsider cyber ethics.

Methodology  :

One of the most important methodologies in media is the analysis of media and the influence of text and audience through library research.

Cyberspace Policy and Ethical Issues in Cyberspace One of the challenges in the cyberspace policy is the question of indeterminacy and its consequential indecision where the truth value of the statements is unverifiable. This semantic problem is immanent, as opposed to transcendent. So, the argument of this paper is that it can be problematized by Gödel's Incompleteness Theorem. The point is that the indeterminacy of the cyberspace tends to be reproduced endlessly and thus, it never leads to the invariant core of the meaning and decidedness.Code and Binary has ontologically and epistemologically role.  Our static state under the zero-one binary has ontologically and epistemologically faced us with a double asynchrony as follows:between the inside and outside of the cyberspace and within the cyberspace itself where many inner relations are at work.Anomic situation is consequence of the outcome of this double asynchrony as a new dimension; against this backdrop and with respect to Gödel's incompleteness theorem, it can be argued that we are faced with an anomic situation where the centrality of the cyberspace is destined to refutation. This situation has a linguistic nature and signification, because the cyberspace abounds in propositions with unverifiable truth values.Another argument here is that he problem of indecision and the radical uncertainty in the cyberspace has created different operator/regulator relations in the countries around the world.It has culminated in a mass dictatorship – filtering and panopticism. The operator-regulator relation has led to either a mass dictatorship and populism, or strict filtering policies. Although internet governance may be shared by the civil society, in countries suffering from state dictatorship and social anomia, it is highly problematic. The indeterminacy in the cyberspace has added a new dimension to human intelligence, because it is highly associated with trans-infinity, infinity, limitedness and indecision. That is why the truth value of the propositions in the programming language needs to be verified through a meta-induction or the induction of the websites with more or less similar content. But this is not a good solution, because new dimensions are involved in shaping the inductions and they are not necessarily faithful to the similar reference groups due to the high speed in which the data are disseminated.

Analysis  :

It is obvious that moral propositions within the cyberspace are diverse. A single picture is interpreted by different propositions. A single event is interpreted with different correspondent/inconsistent/contradictory propositions. Why the language of cyberspace is inclined to an anomic representation? Based on the semantic rules, the logic of a sentence is as follows: Any sentence can assume a value of either A or B and none is both. Thus, it has been termed as a “two-valued logic”. It is the opposite of the “many-valued logic” where any proposition can have multiple values. From a semantic perspective, it can be argued that the cyberspace follows a pattern similar to the logic of many-valued sentences. Drawing on Frege’s account of natural language, it should be concluded that Pictorial language also follows a fuzzy logic.

Is technology just a tool or is it an entity that creates a field of application possibilities according to the formal and effective cause of its creator? The current paper argues that every device has the possibility of use. Technology is essentially applied in techne in terms of formal and creative causes. In fact, this phenomenon defines “our place of being”, i.e., our static state under the zero-one binary to infinity. This phenomenon is born of its time. The central questions to be touched upon here are: what is the language of this phenomenon? what is its relationship with human existence and his/her sensory-behavioral features? With respect to the fact that our static state undergoes an endless alteration under this zero-one binary, how can desirability be defined in the field of cyber ethics? Finally, what kinds of crises have resulted from Gödel's incompleteness theorems in terms of data veracity and non-transparency?This situation has a linguistic nature and signification, because the cyberspace abounds in propositions with unverifiable truth values. To put it in a nutshell, there is neither an intersystem nor an intrasystemic congruency at work. The question here is that does this challenge originate from the nature of the cyberspace as a technical tool?

The economy is the driving engine of politics and budget, the government's financial plan for implementing governance policies during the fiscal year. In order to establish the concept of sustainable development in adopted policies, the budget document must be drafted and approved together with the goals of sustainable development. The question here is what factors in the current budgeting system disrupt the aforementioned process? A process in which, despite the provision and allocation of budget, it does not achieve the goals of sustainable development. The most important conclusion of this study is that the budgeting system as a tool for implementing policies related to the sustainability of development are facing challenges that are mainly a function of the problem of not adhering to macro policies and also not paying attention to the financial realities in the resources and expenses sector, and until these two important issues are resolved, the adopted policies will not be resolved.

The present study seeks to analyze the policy making of Basij jihadi camps based on a process model that, with a qualitative approach and an inductive approach, using the analysis of relevant documents and also existing interviews (24 people) from national, provincial officials and activists of jihadi camps, the process of the said camps in 5 steps (identification of problems and dilemmas, determination of goals, formulation and formulation of policy solutions, implementation and obtaining feedbacks, evaluation of the implemented policy) were analyzed, and finally, the analysis of policy making for the realization of upstream documents has been analyzed. The findings of the research from the interviews in the stage of implementation and receiving feedback included three main categories including managerial, organizational and environmental factors. In the field of organizational factors, the categories of "lack of educational program", "weak continuity of goals", "incomplete identification of the region" and in the field of environmental factors, the categories of "exaggeration of deprivations", "damage to native culture" are among the challenges of the implementation field. It is camps. The results of this research also show that the quality of implementing the policy of jihadi camps requires the attention of the officials and preventing the application of taste and politicking in the more favorable implementation of these camps.

Conflict of interest is the conflict between the duties and responsibilities of a person in relation to the process of examining the private, professional, commercial or public interests of that person. Managing conflict of interest is one of the methods of preventing corruption, increasing transparency, efficiency, accountability and public trust in the government. The conflict between personal interests and public interests is something that most government officials face; Therefore, it must be properly managed, otherwise it can lead to corruption. The purpose of this research is to investigate the policy of the Canadian government in the field of conflict of interest, which has been studied in the period of 2016-2023 in the government of Justin Trudeau. This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of research method, and in terms of the purpose of The type of research is applied and based on library research and review of documents and records. The review of the trends presented in the annual conflict of interest reports showed that, according to the policies adopted by Justin Trudeau's government in 2015, the codes and indicators presented in the studied time frame, the reduction of the conflict of interest in several sectors, including ethical norms, It has shown social and value that the performance of this structure has been well objectified in the performance of government officials.

Policy-making is the basic function of the government and the process of intervention in order to achieve results and realize its political vision. The study of public policy seeks to describe and explain government policy and how to influence and change it. Therefore, the current research has been carried out with the aim of explaining and validating the policy model of marketing of cultural and creative goods and services in the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance. The research method is based on practical purpose and based on exploratory data collection. The tool for preparing and collecting research data was based on a questionnaire, and the relationship between the key variables of the research was also investigated with correlation analysis techniques. The statistical population of the present study included; The experts and managers of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance and the experts of the university units, which are 384 statistical samples, were selected and the questionnaire was distributed among them. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques have been used for data analysis. Also, statistical software (SPSS) and Lisrel structural equation modeling statistical software (Lisrel) have been used for data analysis. The findings of the research indicate that the role and position has a significant in the structural model of the marketing policy of cultural and creative goods and services in the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance.

The satellite industry, as one of the leading technologies in the world today, is recognized as one of the main means of providing national authority and national security, economic growth and prosperity, and social welfare and advancement in other fields of science and technology. Regulators in the world today have a highly sensitive and decisive role, since their functions are such as the bridge and the regulator of the relationship between the different pillars of the state and the private sector, Owners of capital and owners of interests. This article is written using library sources and descriptive and analytical method. This paper is a comparative study of the structure, competency and performance of Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA) with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to demonstrate the necessity of such a powerful, inclusive, and efficient regulatory body.

The increase in the importance of governance knowledge along with recent scientific researches and productions necessitates the formation of a network and a system of scientific communication around the governance knowledge.

Therefore, the present research aims to use the scientometric method and the technique of co-word analysis; To draw a map of the field of knowledge of governance based on all 1136 internal scientific-research articles that have been indexed in the Persian Islamic World Sciences database and Noor specialized magazines in the period from 1390 to 1401. Excel and VOSviewer software have been used to analyze the network of concepts, prepare data and draw a scientific map.

The findings of this research consist of 196 keywords related to the governance network.

Also, after the keywords "good governance" and "good urban governance", keywords such as "urban management and planning", "public participation" and "sustainable development" are among the most frequent keywords in governance research; which have the most co-occurrence.

The supreme leader in the fourth decade of the Islamic revolution in the manifesto entitled the statement of the second step of the Islamic revolution, the necessity of forming fundamental changes and recommendations in ethics, economy, justice, fighting corruption and factors for the formation of changes such as empowering human resources in the face of soft aggression has expressed as a road map in the implementation of the plan of Islamic civilization. The focus of this statement is soft aggression, media war and its effect on inducing despair, distorting narratives, changing identity and lifestyle. This research, using the descriptive-analytical method, addressed the question of whether the western media with its characteristics What has been the impact of learning and multiple opportunities on the youth according to the state of domestic politics? hypothesis, broadcasting of targeted media programs in the cognitive field had the greatest effect on changing the attitude of young people. findings show that lifestyle programs, identity change, and stimulation of desires are due to weakness. Media literacy has had the greatest effect in passivizing and creating a break in today's generation and the weakness of institutions' policies in promoting media literacy has not only helped to consolidate this trend, but also in empowering human resources in the face of soft media invasion. the lack of separation between education and culture, the lack of creativity and responsiveness to the growing wave of communication tools with the wide and multiplicity of production contents, it does not have a defensible function.

Ethnic policy, in countries with multiple ethnicities, has always been a concern of society and government. The nature of these policies and their appropriate model, and in particular the components of this policy, are very important. There are various models for this policy, from "assimilation" which is a model for eliminating ethnic differences to "equal" and "unequal" pluralist models. Meanwhile, for the Iranian society, in which various ethnic groups have lived for centuries and formed a nation called Iran, ethnic policy can be based on the model of "unity in plurality" that is more compatible with the nature of the nation and its government and closer to society and government. Is. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, upstream documents have more or less addressed the issue of ethnicities and its leaders have always paid attention to the rights of ethnic groups and their participation in affairs, and considering these two, the present article seeks to answer the question that components of ethnic policy model in What is the Islamic Republic? In addition, by analyzing the statements of the leadership and upstream documents, seeks to extract these components and considers them as these five cases: 1. Religiosity; 2. National unity; 3. Coexistence of relatives; 4. Existence of diversity as an opportunity; And 5. The rule of law, the main purpose of which is to create a conceptual system for achieving a policy based on the "participation" of ethnic groups in all aspects of the country.

Policy-making in social spheres represents rationality and efforts to guide and lead the society and organize the social situation with the great authority of the ruling power. Therefore, one of the important areas of policy making is ethnic diversity. In this regard, ethnic groups are one of the important areas affected by the process of globalization, which has made the Islamic Republic of Iran face many serious issues. The purpose of this article is to present the desired requirements in ethnic policy with an emphasis on the era of globalization. In this regard, the current research seeks to answer this question: "What are the requirements and requirements of ethnic politics in the Islamic Republic of Iran, considering the era of globalization?" In the present research, descriptive-analytical method was used and the method of data collection was library method. The hypothesis of the research is that the Islamic Republic can be considered as a suitable model for ethnic policies in Iran by adopting the pluralistic and unitary model based on Iranianness-Islamism as the main component of comprehensive and balanced development. The obtained results indicate that elements such as; Employing ethnic elites in local jobs and positions, establishing the citizenship model as the basis of politics, cultural pluralism, economic solutions as the requirements and requirements of ethnic politics in Iran are mentioned with regard to the issue of globalization.

The main purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of information technology policy rules and regulations in Iran on the interaction and fight against malicious content, national interests, and the country's security. In this regard, this article analyzes the challenges and benefits of information technology policy in virtual space in Iran. The research method in this article is the analysis of related texts using the library method and the collection of valid data. According to the analysis, the obtained results show that the policy of information technology and virtual space in Iran is carried out in order to maintain security and balanced access to information. But at the same time, it also comes with challenges, which include controlling abnormal information and ensuring order and security in cyberspace. The general result of this article shows that in the era of globalization, information technology policy making in virtual space in Iran requires the formulation of appropriate laws and regulations. Also, proper training and information to users and community members plays an important role in promoting the safe and responsible use of cyber space. And coordination between institutions and organizations, and monitoring the performance and similar events inside and outside of Iran, and determining the national strategy in this area is also necessary. The use of information technology infrastructure, greater transparency and coordination with international communities are also important factors in information technology policy in cyberspace in Iran. By simultaneously pursuing these issues and cooperating with other countries, policymakers can improve performance in this area and achieve sustainable development and smart growth in cyberspace in Iran.

In the hybrid battle, as a new type of battles, multiple tools and methods are used in combination with each other in order to create ambiguity and strategic attack. Especially since the focal elements in such a battle are the media and especially social networks. For this reason, it is very important to have powerful media and the ability to manage and guide public opinion in the context of this battleIn addition, the strategic prerequisite in hybrid battles is the ability and effective media and virtual governance. The scope of this capability has a high position in order to solve the problem of managing and directing public opinion and with the aim of media defense and deterrence. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to investigate the needs of public opinion management in the hybrid battle. Therefore, the main question of the research is formulated as follows: "What are the political requirements of public opinion management in the hybrid battle?";In this regard, the document analysis method has been used to advance the research and the phishing tool from various sources has been used to collect data. Based on the findings of the research, exercising governance over the virtual space, having a coherent and up-to-date media strategy and roadmap, rebuilding the authority of the national media, increasing the competitiveness of native social networks and so on. It is among the policy requirements aimed at managing public opinion in the age of combined battles

The concept of corruption is one of the concepts that has always been considered as a violation or deviation from social and divine laws and order. This issue is so key that it can be said that the law was formed both on the opposite side of corruption and around it. The emphasis on establishing and promoting a nationwide and universal law in the hope of avoiding any type of corruption is considered the historical and political basis of all legislations. Based on this, the basic laws and upper documents in the government of modern nations have been formed to minimize or completely eliminate corruption and are always updated according to the new forms of corruption. The frequency of concepts and examples of corruption in these laws shows the level and intensity of governments' treatment of laws in every government and society, which can be considered as a political comparison in reducing corruption and promoting the culture of development and peace, especially today. In this research, the policies to reduce the level of corruption contained in the upstream documents have been examined in accordance with the components of positive peace. The data of this research have been extracted and analyzed by qualitative content analysis method. The findings show that the relevant policies have positive characteristics, such as building values and lofty concepts, dealing with corruption, preventing the abuse of opportunities; And in some cases, the negative characteristics of codified policies, such as generality, vagueness,.....

Educational inequality is one of the most pressing issues of our time, leading to differences in opportunities, resources, and outcomes for certain groups of students compared to others. The main question of the current research is that what policies have been developed in Iran during the six development programs after the revolution to develop equal educational opportunities and reduce educational inequality? By using the systematic review method, educational policies were examined from the perspective of 6 principles related to the legislative framework (prioritization, strategy selection, implementation solutions, specific implementation, having indicators and evaluation capability, appropriate implementation guarantee) and the results showed that in developing development plans The legislator paid limited attention to the priorities and despite the fact that in most of the articles and notes there is an approach to achieve the set goals, but the solutions are very general or no solutions are provided, the main executor of the government's decrees and the executive organizations had a lesser role, also in none of the programs. A specific executive guarantee for accountability was not specified from the point of view of the law.

The meaning of “strategic alliance” is not solid in international relations literature. Regardless of various possible understandings, this concept is subject to further modifications that may result from changes in equations of the global order. In this situation, it is possible that what is understood by the two ends of a strategic alliance would be significantly different from the original understanding held by each party. Although Iran is located in a specific and sensitive location in the world's political geography, it is not considered to be in any major alliance with a regional block in its foreign relations: neither from the natural nor civilization perspectives. This is because, both naturally and historically, Iran is not a part of the Turk, Arab or Sunni blocks in the region. Therefore, Iran is somehow accepted as a “special entity” in the region. Along with Iran’s geographical position, which has historically instigated global competition, this “exceptionalism” could be the origin of the concept called Iran’s strategic loneliness. In this research, we use a qualitative analysis approach along with several historical facts. We focus on Iran’s perception of the concept of the strategic alliance with regard to the historical competition of the global powers and Iran’s strategic loneliness, especially at the intersection of the two. We will discuss Iran’s position in its strategic environment in contemporary history along with the misunderstandings it might cause based on how “strategic alliance” is perceived in Tehran vs. other capitals.

One of the areas of policy-making that, like other areas of policy-making, requires efforts to adopt a policy based on evidence and science, is policy-making in the field of higher education. The purpose of this research is to present a model of policy impact assessment in Iran's higher education.

Grounded theory method is used in this article. In this research, the theoretical foundations and existing backgrounds in internal and external dimensions were examined through in-depth study. The statistical population of the research was selected from the policy makers of the higher education system, experts, managers and officials in the field of higher education and experts in the field of policy making in higher education. In this section, until theoretical saturation was reached, chain or snowball type targeted sampling was used. In this way, 12 interviews were conducted.

The findings of the research showed that based on the findings of the research, goal setting, research and education as causal conditions through the final effect of policy in higher education on the strategic categories of competitive advantage, formulation and implementation of policy, quality of policy and practice, resource management , communication and coordination, strategy, transparency and accountability and effective models, and taking into account the environmental and interventionist categories, it leads to the consequences of speed of action, performance of development and growth, effectiveness, change and transformation and social impact.

Paying attention to the effect of politics in higher education helps policy makers and administrators in the implementation of policies. Reviewing the policies and redesigning the country's higher education programs is in line with the rapid changes and developments of science and technology and is one of the proposals that can solve the aforementioned challenges, solve the relevant crises, existing requirements and adopt new initiatives. Higher education should be included in the order of reviewing the country's governance and policy-making system.

Fake news has become a global problem on the one hand and a serious restriction on freedom of expression on the other hand. The works of fake news have threatened the right to freedom of expression and political participation in societies. The United Nations has taken measures and the European Union has first defined fake news and made policies and regulations based on it to overcome the news threats. These actions are not without problems; Because it interferes with the rules that guarantee freedom of speech as a fundamental freedom. By reviewing the existing laws and policies and analyzing the actions taken to fight fake news at the UN and EU level, this article concludes that the continuation of this process may lead to excessive censorship and, as a result, the violation of freedom of expression; Therefore, it is necessary to balance the border between fake news and lies within the framework of freedom of expression with a realistic view. In this article, how to legally and effectively deal with fake news is analytically researched by examining the documents, regulations of the United Nations and the European Union, and the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights.

We employed the top-down policy implementation model of  Horn and Meter, from policymaking to the implementation stage we need to consider six components including standards and objectives, resources, inter-organizational communication and enforcement activities, characteristics of implementing agencies, economic, social and political conditions and the disposition of implementers.  In this research, we used a directed qualitative content analysis method based on semi-structured interviews with  elites in the field of anti-narcotics policy implementation. Then, we compared the results with the model of our research. According to the results of our study, 13 deviances are identified as follows: executors not prioritising anti-narcotic actions, confliction and multiplicity of policy objectives, lack of an index for success evaluation, the disproportion between objectives and standards, resources mismanagement, Structural inconsistencies in the implementation stage, Systematic disregard for science and practice, Institutional and social turmoil, Polyphony and lack of strong organizational authority, implementers disbelief, lack of monitoring and accountability, insistence on quick-response measures and inability in prioritisation.

The current research was conducted with the aim of providing a policy model for teaching skills in technical and professional fields from the perspective of the curriculum. In terms of purpose, this research was applied and also, in terms of the type of data, it was mixed of the exploratory type, in the qualitative part of the theme analysis with the theme network approach, and in the quantitative part, it was descriptive-survey. The studied community in the qualitative section included academic and organizational experts, and in the quantitative section it included all technical and professional teachers in Tehran. The sample size in the qualitative section was 19 interviewees according to the principle of saturation and the purposeful sampling method, and in the quantitative section, 201 people were selected based on the calculation of the sample size in structural equations and the stepwise cluster random sampling method. The data collection tool was semi-structured interviews in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part. In the qualitative part, in order to calculate the validity according to the experts, and to calculate the reliability of the retest method and intra-subject agreement, in the quantitative part, in order to calculate the validity, content and construct validity were used, and in order to calculate the reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficients and composite reliability were used. It was found that the results indicated the validity and reliability of the tools.

Une ville intelligente signifie ouvrir de nouveaux concepts de gestion urbaine et, en utilisant les infrastructures et les indicateurs dont elle dispose pour résoudre les problèmes des villes d'aujourd'hui, elle a un impact significatif sur la gestion des activités urbaines. De manière générale, on peut dire qu'une ville intelligente est une ville où les affaires des citoyens sont gérées en ligne à l'aide des technologies de l'information et de la communication. Cet essai a analysé la politique des infrastructures des villes intelligentes en mettant l'accent sur les plateformes virtuelles avec une méthode descriptive et analytique. Cette importance a été à la base de la formation de la conclusion finale de la recherche ; Premièrement, le domaine des fondements théoriques et des expériences pratiques a été examiné, et dans le cadre conceptuel de la recherche, trois domaines politiques que sont les infrastructures des villes intelligentes, la gestion urbaine intelligente et les plateformes virtuelles ont été examinés. L'objectif de cette recherche dans le domaine de la gestion intelligente des espaces urbains et des plateformes virtuelles est d'utiliser les exigences et les limites du domaine de la gestion intelligente des espaces urbains. Les résultats de la recherche indiquent que l'accent mis sur la bonne gouvernance et la participation du public est très important pour identifier les forces et les faiblesses des politiques de développement dans la réalisation du principe de durabilité.