جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « استویا » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Awareness of proper nutrition leads to people's health, therefore if low-fat and low-sugar foods is produced, this can lead to an increase in the health of the society. Foman traditional cookie is one of the popular confectionery products in the north of Iran, which is made from wheat flour, butter, sugar, cinnamon and walnuts. This research deals with the feasibility of producing traditional Foman cookies by removing white sugar from cookie's cream and replacing it brown sugar and stevia natural sweetener powder.

The changes in the levels of moisture, total sugar, calories and acidity were measured after substituting brown sugar and stevia powder (in terms of flavoring) instead of white sugar in cookie dough during a 14-day storage period at 25 degrees Celsius. In this method, brown sugar was replaced by 40, 50 and 60% of the removed white sugar in cookie core, and stevia was used to compensate sweetness taste. The changes of moisture, total sugar, calories and acidity after this replacement was measured during the 14-day storage period at 25°C.The color, taste, texture hardness and general acceptability of the cookies were investigated by sensory evaluation.

The results show that the replacement of brown sugar and stevia in cookie core has caused significant changes in dependent variables such as moisture, total sugar, acidity, calories, and kernel color, therefore kernel color and moisture have increased, but total sugar has a decreasing trend, calorie of cookies has increased as compared to the control sample due to the replacement of dry matter instead of white sugar. There is no significant change in taste, hardness of texture and overall acceptance.   

In the examination of the samples in the selected intervals, the highest agreement with the control sample in terms of changes in dependent variables such as moisture, total sugar, acidity, color can be observed in the sample with 40% brown sugar and 60% stevia. Substitution of stevia and brown sugar instead of white sugar led to a decrease in total sugar, but there was no visible effect on taste, texture hardness, and overall acceptance, although time had a negative effect on most of the studied parameters. By increasing the amount of brown sugar, the agreement with the control sample decreases, but the amount of calories has a reverse trend due to the change of dry matter in the core.

Obesity is associated with dysfunction in the metabolic processes of heart tissue, and genetic factors are associated with metabolic homeostasis of heart tissue. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aerobic training and stevia supplements on the expression of the glucose metabolism signaling pathway markers in the heart tissue of obese rats.

For the implementation of this experimental research, 25 male Wistar rats (five healthy adult rats and 20 adult obese male rats) were divided into five groups: control (healthy), obese, obese-stevia, obese-aerobic training, and obese-stevia- -aerobic training. Aerobic exercise was performed on a treadmill, five days a week for eight weeks. Supplemental groups received 250 mg of stevia (per kilogram of body weight) by gavage during the intervention period. After anesthesia, an autopsy was performed and heart tissue was removed. gene expression of mTOR, AKT, PI3K ، IRS2، INSR, and PTEN in heart tissue were measured using Real-Time PCR.

After the intervention, a decrease of mTOR and PTEN gene expression and an increase of IRS2 and PI3K gene expression in heart tissue were observed in all intervention groups compared to the obese group (P=0.001). Also, the increase of AKT gene expression and the decrease of INSR gene expression in heart tissue were prominent in the obese + exercise + stevia group compared to the obese group (P=0.001).

It seems that aerobic training and stevia supplementation can help to improve the factors involved in heart energy metabolism during obesity.

Several studies have reported that obesity causes vascular disorders in all tissues such as the heart and even the central nervous system along with disorders in the function of the hypothalamus, in such a way that these disorders in the nervous system, especially in the hypothalamus as the center of homeostasis and control of satiety and hunger can cause a significant increase in weight at different ages and even in children. Recent studies have led researchers to the etiology of this global epidemic and have drawn their attention to the influence of genetics, environmental factors, social and behavioral factors. Appetite is a physiological response to eating food, and behavioral signals and energy fluctuations throughout the day regulate the appetite in the central nervous system. Among these, the monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin can cause the development and evolution of some behaviors related to appetite through the regulation of the interval between two meals and the role of this neurotransmitter in inducing satiety. On the other hand, some studies have shown that moderate and intense sports activity and even intense intermittent exercise led to an increase in serotonin levels, which can have an effect on the caloric intake of obese women. In addition, recently, the attention of sports science researchers has been drawn to the use of medicinal plants effective in fat metabolism. Among medicinal herbs, there has been a recent increase in interest in naturally sweet herbs such as stevia and garlic. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of endurance training with garlic and stevia supplementation on serotonin gene expression and serotonin receptor in the brain tissue of obese Wistar rats.

35 obese male Wistar rats fed with a high-fat diet (24 grams of fat, 24 grams of protein and 41 grams of carbohydrates per 100 grams) were divided into seven groups, including: 1) Sham. 2) stevia supplement, 3) garlic supplement, 4) endurance exercise, 5) stevia supplement+endurance exercise, 6) garlic supplement+endurance exercise, and 7) healthy control. The training groups performed incremental endurance training for 15-50 minutes at a speed of 15-25 meters per minute, five sessions per week for eight weeks. Garlic and stevia supplements were added to the diet of the supplemented groups at a dose of 250 mg/kg. 48 hours after the last training session and in a state of 12 hours of fasting, the rats were anesthetized with ketamine (80 mg/kg) and xylosin (15 mg/kg) in a ratio of 3 to 1. Further, after ensuring complete anesthesia and painlessness, rats were perfused with 10 cc of 9% sodium chloride to drain the brain tissue from the blood. In order to extract the brain tissue, first the rats were completely restrained and after cutting the upper part of the skull, the brain tissue was carefully separated, and after weighing and washing, they were placed in special tissue preservation cryotypes and immediately cooled to -80 were transferred. The qReal Time PCR method was used to measure the gene expression levels of the variables in the brain tissue. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test was used for the data analysis. All statistical methods were performed using SPSS version 26 software at a significance level of P<0.05.

Regarding serotonin, the results showed that there was no significant difference in serotonin gene expression level between the healthy control group and the sham group (P = 0.903). Also, there was no significant difference between the sham group with stevia (P = 0.856), garlic (P = 0.994), endurance training+stevia (P = 0.303) and endurance training+garlic (P = 0.094). However, the results showed that the serotonin gene expression level of the endurance exercise group was significantly higher than that of the sham group (P = 0.000). Another important result is that there was no significant difference between the stevia and garlic groups (P = 0.996). However, adding endurance training to stevia had a significant effect on serotonin gene expression, so that the level of serotonin gene expression in the stevia+exercise group was significantly higher than the stevia group (P = 0.022). Also, adding endurance training to garlic caused the level of serotonin gene expression in the garlic+exercise group to be significantly higher than the stevia (P = 0.005) and garlic (P = 0.021) groups. Finally, the expression level of serotonin gene in the exercise group was significantly higher than all groups (P < 0.05).Regarding the serotonin receptor, the results showed that the expression level of the serotonin receptor gene in the healthy control group is significantly higher than the sham group (P = 0.003). Also, the level of serotonin receptor gene expression in stevia (P = 0.000), exercise (P = 0.000), exercise+garlic (P = 0.002) groups was significantly higher than the sham group. From other important results, it can be stated that the level of serotonin receptor gene expression in the stevia group was significantly higher than that of the garlic group (P = 0.000). Adding endurance exercise to stevia caused the serotonin receptor gene expression level to be significantly lower than the stevia group (P = 0.000). But, adding endurance exercise to garlic caused the serotonin receptor gene expression level to be significantly higher than the garlic group (P = 0.006). Finally, the expression level of the serotonin receptor gene in the exercise group was significantly higher than all groups (P < 0.05).

It seems that aerobic exercise with stevia supplement with AMPK activation mechanism activates hormone-sensitive lipase, improves fat and sugar metabolism and increases the expression of metabolic proteins in the hypothalamus. Therefore, it seems that consumption of stevia and aerobic exercise have synergistic effects in modulating and increasing serotonin in the brain tissue of desert rats exposed to high-fat food. Therefore, it can be concluded that endurance training with stevia supplementation synergistically affects the appetite control protein. However, more studies are needed on the changes in serotonin and serotonin receptor levels following the exercise and supplements used in this study.

Obesity results from complex interactions of environment, genetic factors, and human behavior. Studies of families, adopted children, and twins have shown that 45%–75% of changes in body mass index (BMI) between individuals are due to genetic factors. The melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene is a single exon and expresses a protein receptor containing 323 amino acids. Mutations in this gene cause partial or complete loss of function of this receptor, and by disrupting the energy homeostasis system, it is the most common cause of monogenic obesity and an important component of polygenic obesity. Studies on the effect of exercise and dietary supplements on the expression of hypothalamic genes involved in appetite and obesity are limited. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of 8 weeks of endurance training with stevia supplementation on the expression of genes (POMC and MC4R) involved in hypothalamic axis metabolism in obese male Wistar rats.

In the present experimental study, 25 adult Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups. Four groups underwent a high–calorie diet to gain weight; one group followed a normal diet. The groups were as follows: exercise–obese, stevia supplement–obese, exercise and stevia supplement–obese, obese, and control. The supplement groups received stevia at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight of rats 5 days a week for 8 weeks. The training program consisted of walking on a treadmill with an intensity of 50% to 70% oxygen consumption, which started at 15 m/min in the first week and reached a speed of 22 m/min in the eighth week. Also, in the first and last 5 minutes, walking at a speed of 10 m/min was performed to warm up and cool down, respectively. Finally, the mice were anesthetized using a combination of 70 to 30 ketamine and xylazine (the injection rate was one large syringe/100 g body weight). Tissue sampling was performed in under 90 s. Tissue was cast into microtube shield RNA after selection. Immediately after the mRNAs were fixed, they were transferred into liquid nitrogen at –180°C and sent to the laboratory. It was placed in the laboratory at –80°C, and the genes were extracted. Data were analyzed using 1–way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD post hoc test by SPSS software version 19 at a significance level of 0.05.

The ANOVA showed no significant difference between the studied groups in the MC4R gene (p=0.684). But a significant difference was observed in the POMC gene (p=0.031). Based on the results of the LSD post hoc test, there was a significant difference in POMC gene expression between the obese group and the control group (p=0.003) and between the obese group and the stevia plus exercise group (p=0.015).

Based on the findings of this study, endurance training and stevia supplementation increased the expression of genes (POMC and MC4R) involved in hypothalamic axis metabolism and subsequently decreased appetite.

Cocoa milk is one of the most popular non-fermented dairy products, but due to its high levels of sucrose, it might cause diabetes and tooth decay in children. Due to the fact that today the tendency to consume natural foods is increasing with low calories and high shelf life, therefore, replacing sucrose with other sweeteners, especially natural ones, will be important. In this study, the aim is to optimize and achieve the highest percentage of viscosity and overall acceptance as well as reducing the amount of sedimentation and particle size that is one of the important quality indicators of cocoa milk in consumer acceptance.

For this purpose, treatment was performed based on cocoa milk formulation and based on the highest level of response. Independent variables included inulin (2 to 8%), chia seed gum (0.1 to 0.5%), stevia (50 to 100%) and whey protein concentrate (1 to 3%) and response variables, consisting of viscosity, particle size, sediment percentage and overall acceptance were considered. The functional relationship between the parameters affecting the cocoa milk formulation was determined using the Box Behnken experimental design.

Based on the selected models, the optimal formulation was selected by the software consisted of 99.7% inulin, 70% stevia, 0.346% chia seed gum and 1% whey protein.

The presence of inulin, stevia, chia seed gum and whey protein in cocoa milk formula improved the effective properties such as increasing viscosity, reducing sedimentation and cocoa milk particle size in promoting marketability and product acceptance by consumers. Therefore health-promoting in cocoa milk formulation can lead to the production of useful products while maintaining quality and sensory properties.

Diabetes with high blood sugar can cause central nervous system disorders. Consumption of stevia and vanadium are effective in regulating blood sugar, and may be associated with endurance activity in the brain tissue of diabetic rats.

The 35 male rats (180±10 g) (6-8w age) after 4 weeks of high-fat diet (70 g/kg daily), were divided into 7 groups: 1.control, 2.diabetic, 3.diabetic+exercise, 4.diabetic+vanadium, 5.diabetic+stevia, 6. diabetic+exercise+vanadium, 7.diabetic+exercise+stevia. To induce type1 diabetes, streptozotocin (55mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally, and vanadium extract (1mg/ml) was dissolved in water daily. The endurance training consisted of eight weeks, five days a week, starting at 15 minutes at 20 meters/minute and ending at 35 minutes at 30 meters/minute. Histopathological changes in brain tissue were examined using a light microscope. In order to normalize the parametric data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and for their analysis, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test, and for non-parametric data, Kruskal-Wallis test (p≤0.05) was used.

Body weight decreased significantly in all six experimental groups compared to healthy control group (p=0.001), in vanadium group compared to vanadium+exercise (p=0.01), and in stevia+exercise group compared to stevia (p=0.04). In the diabetic group, mild neuronal changes improved with exercise, stevia consumption and exercise + stevia, and mild hyperemia, with exercise, vanadium consumption, and exercise+vanadium (p=0.001).

Eight weeks of endurance exercise, stevia and vanadium intake appear to be effective in regulating body weight as well as improving the brain damage caused by diabetes.

A close link exists between diabetes and cardiovascular disease. cardiovascular disease is the most prevalent cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetic populations. The response of biomarkers such as miRNA to environmental factors is important for optimizing diabetes treatment strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aerobic training and stevia supplement on the expression of miR-322 and cyclin D1 in heart tissue of type 1 diabetic rats.

In this experimental study, 25 type 1 diabetic rats (weight 300-250 g) were divided into 5 groups; healthy control, type 1 diabetic control, type 1 diabetic – stevia supplement, type 1 diabetic-exercise and type 1 diabetic - exercise - stevia supplement. Aerobic training was performed 5 days a week at a speed of 20 to 30 meters per minute and a slope of zero degrees for 8 weeks. The dose of stevia was 250 mg per kilogram of body weight in gavage. Rats were slaughtered 48 hours after the last training session and Cardiac tissue was used to analyze the indicators. The gene expression of miR-322 and cyclin D1 in cardiac tissue was measured by Real Time PCR. Data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and Bonferron's post hoc test at the P<0.05.

Aerobic training, stevia and the interaction of aerobic training and stevia supplementation had no significant effect on the gene expression of miR-322 and cyclin D1 in the heart tissue of type-1 diabetic rats (P<0.05).

According to the results of the study, it seems that intervention of aerobic training with stevia supplementation has no effect on the gene expression of cardiac metabolic markers in type 1 diabetes.

 The effects of exercise and stevia extract on diabetes-related indicators have been already reported, but their cardiac benefits on Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) are unclear.

 This study aims to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of endurance training and stevia supplementation on gene expression levels of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) and β-Myosin Heavy Chain (β-MHC) in the heart tissue of T1D rats. 

 In this experimental study, 25 rats with the average weight of 250-300 g were divided into five groups; healthy control, diabetic control, diabetic+supplementation, diabetic+training, and diabetic+training+supplementation. T1D was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg/ body weight). Endurance training was performed 5 days a week at a speed of 20-30 meters per minute on a surface with a zero slope for 8 weeks. Stevia was gavaged in a dose of 250 mg/kg/body weight. Rats were slaughtered 48 hours after the last training session. Cardiac tissue was used to measure the parameters. The gene expression of ANP and b-MHC in cardiac tissue was measured by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test.

 The gene expression levels of ANP and β-MHC were significantly higher in the diabetic control group compared to the healthy control group (P=0.001), and significantly lower in the diabetic+training and diabetic+training+supplementation groups compared to the diabetic control group (P=0.001).

 Endurance training and stevia supplementation can have beneficial effects on the heart of T1D rats.

 Diabetes is a chronic disease associated with a wide range of liver diseases. The levels of liver enzymes such as Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are changed following a liver disease The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise combined with Stevia extract supplementation on the levels of ALT and AST enzymes in diabetic rats.

 In this experimental study, 40 males wistar rats weighing 150-220 g were used. Animals were randomly divided into five groups; healthy control , diabetic control, diabetic + exercise, diabetic + stevia, and diabetic + exercise + stevia. The extract was administered by oral gavage for 6 weeks. The aerobic exercise program was performed for six weeks, 5 days per week. At the end of the intervention, blood samples were collected from the heart of rats to measure the levels of ALT and AST. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test.  

 The levels of ALT and AST enzymes decreased significantly in all experimental groups compared to diabetic control group (P<0.05).  

 Aerobic exercise combined with stevia extract supplementation can improve the liver function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Stevia might be used as a new source of sweetener but without containing sugar and is a suitable alternative to sucrose. It is important in health care and solving restrictions of sugar consumption by diabetics. Therefore the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium bacteria co-symbiosis on steviol glycosides content in herbal plant of stevia.

The effect of mycorrhizal fungi in three and rhizobium bacteria in five concentrations were conducted on stevia through factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse of the faculty of Agriculture and Food at Tarbiat Modares University.

The results revealed that the effect of mycorrhizal fungi, rhizobium bacteria and its interactions were significant on all characteristics. The highest percent of stevioside and rebaudioside A glycosides was gained in b0f25 and b100f50 treatments, respectively.

It is concluded that co-symbiosis of mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium bacteria with stevia could efficiently improve the economical yield.