نشریه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز
سال دوازدهم شماره 4 (پاییز 1402)

Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are the most important epidemic disorders in the world. In the last two decades, the elimination of IDD has been considered as an integral part of many national nutrition strategies. The aim of current research was to determine the urinary iodine and its related factors in elementary students of Alborz province.

In a cross sectional study 240 students of both genders, aged from 8-10 years were selected from urban and rural area of Alborz province were selected by cluster sampling method. Participants' urine was collected, and urinary iodine was measured. Information on nutrients intake was collected by a 24-hour feed recall method. Questionnaires on general data and anthropometric measurements (height, weight, BMI) were performed by a nutritionist. Significance level (p value <0.05) was considered.

Of 240 participants, including 118 girls and 110 men, only 37% were in normal condition. 20% of students had iodine deficiency and 43% had excessive urinary iodine. The mean urinary iodine was not significantly different between the two groups. There was a weak but significant relationship between time of cooking and mean urinary iodine. Correlation between BMI and mean urinary iodine showed a weak negative correlation, which was statistically significant (p <0.02).

The prevalence of iodine-related disorders (high and iodine deficiency) has increased in recent years in Alborz province. Modification of iodine salt consumption pattern and BMI seems to be effective in reducing disorders.

The progression of atherosclerosis, which is the main cause of many heart surgeries, find it far more quickly with diabetes because diabetes is the production of c-peptide that causes increased permeability is increased vascular Intimal layer regresses. On the information obtained through x-ray Angio in diabetics the Central plaque is composed of the Atrium and most of the patients with acute coronary syndrome and a heart attack. More than half of diabetics eventually suffer heart symptoms and more than 30 percent of them will eventually need surgery for the annual three million that the world's heart surgery is done when two million people suffering from diabetes and a million people suffering from diabetes and blood pressure simultaneously. Increase insulin Hyperglycemia omghaomet mortality and respiratory cardiac arrest in all diabetic patients.

A descriptive cross-sectional study : the patient's transplant surgery under the oriented 200 coronary artery disease from the time of admission to the special care unit until a clearance incidence of clinical implications of blood sugar with a glucose infusion and sc in two ways. And in terms of glycemic control and alertness and infection after arterial blood gas changes and acid and Ventilator device for connection to the death, and stay in the special section in the control of blood sugar with plows and postoperative infusion about comparisons and reviews. The information in the check-list was collected by a registered researcher. And using the analytical and descriptive statistics and SPSS software version 15 analysis.

in this study, the relationship between significant statistically the pattern was not observed in patients prescribed on this first hypothesis verification research because it was near the average of the blood sugar in the group a significant correlation between Hypokalemia. And acidosand longterm icu unit a with blood sugar was seen striking the infusion group., and the first to accept the significant relationship between the blood sugar and Intubation more than 24 hours and bolous was seen,..

Considering the high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in people working with clinical signs of enteritis, gastric infection, it can be stated that Helicobacter pylori has an important role in causing enteritis and as a carcinogen in the studied samples. Due to the presence of bacteria that can be transmitted to others, it is necessary to identify and treat human carriers.

Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common diseases in the world and is known as the most common cause of adult mortality in the world. It is considered and causes one in eight deaths. The National Blood Pressure Control Mobilization for all people over the age of 30 throughout Iran began in June 2017. In order to investigate the effects and use of people's experiences of the campaign, the present study was conducted to explain the experiences of providers about the blood pressure campaign in Iran.

This study was qualitative research using content analysis method, which was conducted with an applied purpose in 2018. The study population included all employees of the affiliated units of the Deputy Minister of Health. In order to prevent the influence of the researcher's mentality on the interviews and the research process, the researcher simply placed the interviewee in the way of answering the questions and prevented any induction and influence based on their mentalities. Structured was collected Content analysis method was used to analyze the data.

A total of 42 interviewees with an age range of 30 to 40 years, including physicians, experts and managers of health care providers, health workers were included in the study. 24 males and 18 females. Four main themes and 23 sub-themes were extracted

The integration of temporary, short-term and unforeseen programs vertically in the health system reduces the quality and increases the workload of personnel. Which needs to review the current service package and pay attention to the job evaluation, timing of activities.

Laboratories, on average, allocated for about 4 percent of Hospital's budget and are often considered the main focus of health care spending. There is a wide range of laboratory automation options available today that Designed to improve the quality and efficiency of laboratory tests. The aim of this study was to investigate The effect of Implementation of Automatic Stop Order  program on the management of the request and the cost of frequent and costly tests in Shahid Rajaei Educational and medical center.

This research is analytical and comparative. In terms of time, the work is cross-sectional-longitudinal. After of data collection of before and after of Implementation of Automatic Stop Order  program,  analysis was carried out with the SPSS 19&Excel softwares.

In order to establish the Auto Stop Order program to control the amount of requests and the cost of frequent tests, first the number of requests and the total cost of tests in Shahid Rajaei Medical Training Center were examined and all the laboratory services requested in the hospital, 27 laboratory services were selected to apply in the Auto Stop Order program. The total number of requests after the implementation of the Auto Stop Order program decreased by 11% and 8100 laboratory services. Also, after the implementation of the Auto Stop Order program on 27 costly tests, the cost of the tests was reduced by 16% and the amount was 445,004,725 Rials.

Using the Auto Stop Order program can lead to rational prescribing of tests according to clinical guidelines, reducing the cost of patients' and resource control, and saving hospital laboratory costs. Therefore, managers and policy makers of the health system should create a suitable platform to use this program as a way to reduce costs in the laboratories of public hospitals in the country.

Color is the most important and complicated part of aesthetic dentistry. The tooth color matching of restorations is considered as one of the most difficult tasks in the restorative dentistry. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of two training methods on the dental students’ of Alborz dental Faculty ability in determining tooth color matching.

In this case-control study, 40 Alborz dental students were randomly divided into two groups. The first group was trained face to face and the second group was trained matching virtually. Students were asked to determine the color of the samples before, after and one month after the training using the Vita Classic color shade. The results were analyzed by chi-square test and Fisher exact test and SPSS v24 statistical software.

Training was effective in both groups, but there was no significant difference between face-to-face and virtual training methods. There was no significant difference between the semester and sex with the ability to determine tooth color in both face-to-face and virtual methods.

Face to face and virtual training has no significant difference effect on improving the accuracy of color determination and show the need to explain and continue the continuously training in this field in general dentists and dental students to improve their knowledge and awareness in the field of color determination.

Curcumin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of curcumin on changes in the serum concentration of LH, FSH , testosterone hormones and testicular tissue induced by methotrexate in adult male rats.

In this experimental study, 30 adult male Wistar rats with an approximate weight of 230-260 grams were divided into 6 groups of 5 each. Control group, sham group: 1 ml of distilled water as a solvent, experimental group 1: methotrexate (5 mg/kg), experimental group 2: curcumin (400 mg/kg), experimental group 3: methotrexate (5 mg/kg) + curcumin (200 mg/kg), experimental group 4 : methotrexate (5 mg/kg) + curcumin (400 mg/kg). After 28 days of treatment in the form of gavage injection, blood was taken directly from the heart to measure the serum concentration of  LH, FSH and testosterone hormones. The testicles were removed and tissue changes were examined after hematoxylin-eosin staining. The data results were analyzed based on one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test.

In the group receiving methotrexate, the level of testosterone hormone, the number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, sperm and leydig decreased and the serum level of LH and FSH increased significantly compared to the control and sham groups. In the groups receiving methotrexate + curcumin, curcumin was able to compensate the adverse effects caused by methotrexat (P <0.05).

Curcumin can improve the changes in serum testosterone, FSH, LH concentration and testicular tissue induced by methotrexate in adult male rats.

Despite the development of new drugs over the past 20 years, the proportion of drug-resistant epilepsy has not changed. In this study, the effect of vitamin B6 and carbamazepine cotreatment was investigated on the duration of the tonic response, the malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels in the brain of neonate rats in the maximal electroshock (MES) model.

Seventy neonatal Wistar rats were divided into seven groups: (1) control, (2) saline and MES, (3) carbamazepine (40 mg/kg), (4 and 5) vitamin B-6 (300 and 600 mg/kg), and (6 and 7) vitamin B-6 + carbamazepine (300 + 40 mg/kg) and (600 + 40 mg/kg). All drugs were injected intraperitoneally 1 hour before applying MES. The duration of hind leg extension (HLE), and the level MDA and TNF-α in brain homogenate of rats were measured.

The treatments did not affect the number of deaths of rats. Administration of carbamazepine (40mg/kg, i.p.) and vitamin B6 (300 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly (p <0.01) reduced the HLE duration. Vitamin B-6 (600 mg/kg) only enhanced the reducing effect of carbamazepine on the duration of HLE compared to the carbamazepine alone group. Treatment with vitamin B-6 and carbamazepine alone reduced the level of MDA and TNF-α in the brain of convulsive rats, but their combined administration did not have a synergistic effect on the suppression of these factors.

The mechanism underlying the enhancement of the anticonvulsant response of carbamazepine administration with vitamin B-6 is independent of the modulation of MDA and TNF-a in the brain.

IBD is a multifactorial disease that is classified as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. in this study, we aimed to assess the effects of different volume of 4% acetic acid to induction of acute ulcerative colitis and immunological responses in BALB/c mice.

In this experimental study, mice were divided into four groups (five mice in each group). Then, control group was injected intrarectally with normal saline, in the case groups different volume of 4% acetic acid (60, 80 and 100 μl) were injected intrarectally. Clinical manifestations of colitis in mice including: weight loss, bleeding and diarrhea were evaluated daily. The animal groups were sacrificed on day 3 after injection and were examined microscopically and macroscopically. The supernatant of spleens cells was harvested and IFN-γ and IL-10 concentrations were measured by sandwich ELISA. The results of the study were analyzed and reported using Graphpad Prism software version 5.

In microscopic and macroscopic examinations, significant lymphocyte infiltration was observed in the injected groups with doses of 60, 80 and 100 μl of acetic acid compared to the control group. However, no significant difference was observed macroscopically and microscopically between the acetic acid groups at doses of 60 and 80 μl. The use of 100 doses of acetic acid also induced colitis with acute symptoms and no mortality in mice. Also, evaluation of cytokines after induction of ulcerative colitis showed a significant increase in IFNγ levels and a decrease in IL-10 in the acetic acid group with a dose of 100, compared with the control group and other groups.

It seems that the use of 100 μl of 4% acetic acid with the proposed protocol can induce acute experimental colitis in female BALB/c mice as an optimal dose.

The present research was conducted with the aim of developing a tool to evaluate the organizational structure of transit centers to reduce addiction harm.

This research was created with the qualitative analysis method of the questionnaire, and the psychometric characteristics were investigated with the quantitative method of confirmatory factor analysis. The research community included experts and officials working in transition centers in 2019 and 2020. Sampling in the qualitative section continued until theoretical saturation, and in the quantitative section, 237 people were sampled. In the qualitative part of the interview method with experts and officials of transit centers and through content analysis, important indicators were identified and the tool was developed, and in the quantitative part, the validation of the tool was done through confirmatory factor analysis. The research tool in the qualitative part included a semi-structured interview, and in the quantitative part, the tool was made in the qualitative stage.

a total of 10 themes in the qualitative section named founder, employees, supporting organization, physical environment, monitoring and supervision, training program, Out Reach team, statistics and information, performance and social and responsible support as The sub-codes of the organizational structure were obtained and finally led to the construction of a questionnaire with a main scale and 10 components and a total of 80 items. In the quantitative part, the results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated the fit of the model with the data (RMSEA=0.02 and Chi2/df=1.16).

The compiled questionnaire is a suitable tool for measuring the organizational structure of harm reduction in harm reduction transit centers, and therefore, this tool can be used on a wide level to measure the provision of transit center services.

Committing risky behaviors poses a threat to health and risks to the future of individuals and society. Irrational thoughts play a disruptive role in people's interpretation and evaluation of life realities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and relationship between irrational and dysfunctional beliefs and the tendency to risky behaviors among young people and adolescents in Kashan.

The research method used in the present study was a survey and the statistical sample of the study was 552 young people and adolescents in Kashan based on Cochran's formula and possible sampling method appropriate to the volume was selected as the final sample. The reliability of the questionnaire was based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient and its validity was based on the opinions of academic experts. Pearson correlation test and paired T-test using SPSS 25 software were used for inferential analysis and relationship between independent and dependent variables.

The findings of this study indicate that the tendency of youth and adolescents to risky behaviors is moderate and boys are more inclined to risky behaviors than girls. Also, the results of hypothesis testing showed that there was a significant and positive relationship between degrading risky behaviors, feeling good and misconceptions with risky behaviors.

Risky behaviors are more than economic problems and unemployment, disorganization in various areas of the family, social and environmental institutions. When the mental and psychological structure of individuals is unbalanced and exposed to irrational ideas and beliefs, this unfavorable psychological background in the context of unbalanced social characteristics intensifies the tendency to risky behaviors.

The aim of this research was to explain the mental health and quality of mother-child interaction with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder based on parenting styles.

Accordingly, the research method was descriptive and among the causal-comparative methods. The population included mothers with children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder who ranged in age from six to twelve in Tehran in the 2020-21 academic year. The sample of the present study, which was selected by convenience sampling method, included 100 mothers with children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder who referred to the Health Center of District 22 of Tehran. CSI4 Parent Report Questionnaire and DSM5-based diagnostic interview were used to identify students with ADHD. Data were collected using the Bamrind Parenting Style Questionnaire (Bamrind,1991), the Parent-Child Relationship Scale (Pianta,1994), the Child Behavioral Problems Scale (Canners,1968), and the Mental Health Questionnaire.

The results showed that mothers' mental health differed significantly in terms of parenting style except for the total health score. Also, differences in mother-child interaction based on the type of parenting style of mothers were significant, which was reported only in two subscales of general positive relationship and conflict.

Based on the findings, it can be stated that parenting education and choosing appropriate styles in mothers with ADHD child can not only improve mothers' mental health, but also improve the quality of mother-child interaction.

One of the evaluation methods is based on the performance of objective structured clinical examination. Passing this exam is necessary for medical students to graduate, practice medicine and participate in a specialized course. This study is designed to analyze the quality of these tests using psychometric indicators.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the test of three periods of clinical competence, respectively, were analyzed. Average (standard deviation), the cut-off score was (by borderline regression method), rejection rate, R2 determination coefficient, root mean square error to estimate the the cut-off score, difficulty coefficient, neatness coefficient were calculated in individual stations and the whole test.

64 medical students along with 26 expert examiners from each station were present in this exam. According to the cut-off score in the 31st exam, all students got a passing grade and we did not fail. The total RMSE was equal to 0.55 and the value of R2 in different stations was obtained from 0.46 to 0.85. The hardest and easiest stations based on the difficulty coefficient were gynecology, social medicine and orthopedics respectively. In the 32nd exam, the rejection rate was one person (0.23%). The total RMSE was 0.57 and the value of R2 in different stations was obtained from 0.38 to 0.87. The most difficult and the easiest stations based on the difficulty coefficient were radilogy, emergency medicine and surgery respectively. In the 33rd exam, all students got a passing grade. Total RMSE was equal to 0.76 and R2 value was obtained in different stations from 0.39 to 0.95. The most difficult and easiest stations based on the difficulty coefficient were internal glands and surgery respectively.

To improve the quality of the OSCE exam, measuring its quality is vital. The use of several psychometric indicators can be an important step in determining the quality of the test. The results obtained during the three test periods indicate that the quality of the test is acceptable in most of the stations and some cases need to be reviewed and improved.

The aim of this study was to investigate stress, anxiety and depression and design of a structural equation model to express the importance and contribution of each risk factor in students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences.

The present study is a cross-sectional study with structural equation modeling method, which was conducted in the second half of 2018 among 700 students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences. The data were collected using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality and Depression, Anxiety and Stress DASS1. The primary model was developed based on literature review and significant variables. Structural equation modeling was performed to evaluate the fitting index of the model. Data was analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software.

According to the final structural model, 91% of depression variance was expressed by the factors presented in the model. According to this model, stress alone explained 17% of depression changes, so that high levels of stress lead to depression. The fitting index of the final model RMSEA, CFI, TLI and CMIN / DF was 0.95, 0.96, 0.06 and 2.23, respectively.

The overall results showed that there is a significant relationship between mental health problems and academic performance, family relationships and type of residence of students in Alborz University of Medical Sciences. Addiction and worrying about finding a job in the future will increase the risk of mental health problems such as stress, anxiety and depression.