Cardiovascular Biomedicine Journal
Volume:3 Issue: 2, Summer and Autumn 2023

Human beings are no strangers to war. War is a guest of Mankind. It comes and goes. What remains is destruction. Lives lost, dolls burnt, and dreams gone with the wind. The current state of medicine is undeniable evidence of human progress, and we cannot compare it to the advancements of past decades. Humanity has relentlessly worked towards developing techniques to cure, prevent, and control the epidemic of diseases, resulting in a healthier and safer life. Yet, men have not learned to have a dialogue-to express their wishes in the silence of guns and tanks. Although Humans have learned the language, they have forgotten how to dialogue. And in this chaotic world where the war keeps going on, where peace is joining the antiques in the museums, some groups feel the crisis of war better than others.A group that feels the pain of war more deeply and in their bones. A group wherever a bomb falls, it is as if it has landed on them.I am talking about the angels of mercy, the unknown doctors and nurses who, amid conflicts, dedicate themselves to healing the wounds of the victims. Doctors and nurses nowhere we find about, their names and actions.War is known by the names and actions of commanders, generals, presidents, and governments. However, doctors and nurses are the real generals of any war.Tireless generals.Generals with no ranking. It is time for Mankind to pause and reflect for a moment, take their hats off to all these peace-loving generals, and hold a moment of silence to honor the bravery of those who lost their lives. I am standing now with my hands on my chest as a sign of respect to honor the unknown soldiers and generals who have been fighting relentlessly since October 7th in Gaza, who are fighting without trenches in the departments and operating rooms.Long live the generals without medals. Long live

An aneurysm or aortic dissection occurs when the walls of the blood vessels lose their initial strength, resulting in a middle layer gap between elastic and smooth muscle fibers. Approximately95% of individuals with an aneurysm indicate no symptoms until a rupture occurs, which is life-threatening.  The current research is a cross-sectional study carried out on 100 patients who were hospitalized in Shahid Sadoughi and Afshar hospitals in Yazd, Iran, with confirmed diagnoses of arterial aneurysm or dissection between 2011 and 2017. Individuals with aneurysms caused by dialysis-related shunts were not included. The study evaluated demographic and clinical factors along with their respective outcomes. Data analysis was performed utilizing SPSS software version 17 through chi-square and Fisher exact tests.  Seventy-one patients (71%) were male, and patients aged over 60 accounted for approximately 53%. Abdominal aortic aneurysm was the most prevalent at 27%. The aneurysm was located in the Femoral artery in 23% of patients and in the ascending aorta artery in 12%. Dissection was diagnosed in 27% of patients, all of which occurred in the aortic artery. Coronary artery disease was reported by 41 patients (60.3%). The distribution of patient outcomes based on the location of the aneurysm and dissection was statistically significant (p value: 0.002).  The characteristics of the arterial aneurism population in our findings were similar to previous studies. Coronary artery disease was the most prevalent comorbidities, and men's gender was dominant. Also, the abdominal aortic and femoral artery was the most prevalent location of aneurysm.

A positive family history of Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) is an independent risk factor for mortality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of a positive family history of SCD and its associated risk factors among victims of sudden death in Yazd.  This cross-sectional study investigated SCD cases in Yazd, Iran, in 2011. The study included victims who were aged 20 years or older, and the cause of death was the cardiac arrest within one hour of symptom onset. The data obtained from families of SCD victims through verbal autopsy interviews.  A total of 317 cases of SCD occurred among victims, resulting in an incidence rate of 139.4 per 100,000 population 26.2% had a positive family history of SCD, with a mean age of 60.4 ± 12.3 years. Individuals with a positive family history of SCD had a significantly younger mean age at the time of death (60.9 ± 12.3 vs. 66.9 ± 16.5 years, P = 0.018). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (odds ratio 1.43, CI 95% = 1.03–1.99, P = 0.042), dyslipidemia (odds ratio 1.47, CI 95% = 1.07–2.1, P = 0.038), chronic coronary artery disease (P =0.027), and revascularization (P = 0.049) had a significant association with positive family history of SCD.  This study highlights the importance of assessing family history as a risk factor for SCD, along with other risk factors such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and chronic coronary artery disease.

Congenital heart disease is a massive structural abnormality in the heart or large vessels inside the chest that is potentially important. Vitamin D is essential for the recovery of organs. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of serum vitamin D levels on clinical outcomes after pediatric open-heart surgery. Recent studies in infants have shown that vitamin D deficiency and hypocalcemia are associated with heart shock.  The following descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Cardiology Unit of Shahid Faghihi Hospital in Shiraz from April 2021 to October 2022, involving 115 patients aged one to seven years old. Serum levels of vitamin D were measured to evaluate the correlation between vitamin D levels and postoperative clinical outcomes. Data was gathered using SPSS.v16 software and analyzed through statistical tests.  The mean age of the patients in this study was 29.20± 53.10 months. The average vitamin D level of the patients was 24.52± 10.3 ng/ml. The study's findings indicated that infants eligible for heart surgery with normal vitamin D levels had significantly shorter durations of Inotropes, ventilators, chest tubes, and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay (P<0.001).  Decreased vitamin D levels in children with abnormal vitamin D can delay the improvement of heart and myocardial function and increase the use of inotropes, ventilators, and chest tubes. It also increases the number of days hospitalized in the ICU after Cardio Pulmonary Bypass (CPB) surgery.

Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are novel inflammatory markers known for inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to examine PLR and NLR as predictors of calcification aortic stenosis (CAS) severity.  This study investigated a total of 155 individuals who were referred to Chamran Heart Center in Esfahan, Iran between 2018 and 2019. The participants included 53 patients with severe AS, 50 patients with mild to moderate AS, and 52 individuals as a control group. The severity of aortic stenosis was evaluated in all participants using echocardiography. The study also calculated the PLR and NLR from CBC.  The results of this study indicate that there was no significant difference in PLR among those with severe AS (108±66), mild to moderate AS (103±43), and the control group (110±50) (p=0.813). However, the NLR was significantly higher in those with severe AS (3.13±2.3) compared to mild to moderate AS (2.08±0.7) and the control group (2.1±1.3) (p=0.019). Age and diabetes mellitus were found to be significant and independent factors correlated with PLR, while the severity of AS was not. Additionally, severe AS was found to be an independent predictor of NLR, along with age and sex.  This study elucidated the intricate relationship between inflammatory markers and CAS, emphasizing the significance of NLR as an indicator of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory contrast. Surprisingly, PLR exhibited no relationship with CAS severity. we suggest that future studies examine the effect of ethnic variation on the relationship between inflammatory markers and CAS. Also, explore the potential impact of additional inflammatory markers on new indices that may provide stronger predictive value for CAS severity.

Early detection of local dysfunction in patients suspected of coronary artery disease (CAD) is usually performed using Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI). The present study investigated the relationship between TDI and the severity of coronary artery stenosis in hospitalized patients with suspected CAD.  The present study is a descriptive-analytical study. The research population was 200 patients hospitalized in Seyyed al-Shohada Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, undergoing coronary angiography between 2013 and 2018. The patients were divided into three groups- mild, moderate, and severe. All patients underwent echocardiography and color TD. Myocardial performance index (TIE index) was evaluated using Doppler echo. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of tissue Doppler indices on the degree of coronary artery involvement. SPSS version 22 software was used for statistical analysis.  A total of 200 patients, 113 (56.5%) males, were investigated. The age range of participants was between 25 to 78 years. Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function indices and mean velocity E in the three groups were 0.73 ± 0.158, 0.68 ± 0.134, and 0.64 ± 0.145, respectively (P = 0.025). The average velocity A, the average ratio E/A, the MP index, the average velocity e, and the average ratio E/e had significant differences in all the three groups.  Due to the significant correlation between numerous left ventricular functional indices, TDI can be used as a non-invasive tool in evaluating coronary arteries.