مجله روانشناسی ورزش
سال ششم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1393)

The present study aimed to examine the effect of a selected perceptual-motor program on perceptual – visual portion of boy students aged between 5 and 8 in Ravansar city. 92 students (6/2± 1/4)
were selected by cluster- random method and assigned in two similar experimental and control groups randomly and participated in pre-test using a Frostig visual perception test, including 5 components of eye hand coordination, perception of discrimination scheme from theme, perception of shape stability, perception  perceptual-motor activities resulted of Kephart's perceptual-motor theory for a period of eight weeks three 45 minute sessions per week. After the program ended, post test was conducted same as the pre test. Data was analyzed using tow-factorial analysis of variance with repeated measures. The analysis results indicated group effect, time effect and time interactive effect in the group statistically significant. In general, the results suggest perceptual-motor programs, could improve perceptual– visual portion in children.

The purpose of present study was to determine the relationship between mental toughness and ompetitive anxiety among Iranian elite water polo players. For this purpose, the Persian version of sport mental toughness questionnaire (which was validated, normalized and facilitated) was completed by 41 elite water polo players. Besides, competitive anxiety questionnaire, in the absence of coaches, was distributed and completed by individual athletes one hour before starting the competition. The data was analyzed by SPSS17 software, using correlation analysis. The results revealed that the assurance element and stability in mental toughness have a significant relationship with confidence ( p<0/05 ).They results also showed that control element in mental toughness , on one hand , has a significant negative relationship with competitive anxiety elements( somatic anxiety) but on the other hand , has a significant positive relationship
with confidence (p <0/05). Furthermore , in the study of mental toughness relationship with confidence element ,a significant positive relationship between this variable and confidence element was observed but a significant negative relationship between this variable , somatic anxiety elements and cognitive anxiety was observed too ( p < 0/05). So we can conclude that by increasing mental toughness, two negative elements of competitive anxiety (somatic and cognitive anxiety) will decrease but confidence element will
increase.

The athletes use self-talk as one of the mental skills for different purposes. According to the importance of self-talk on performance, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of instructional and motivational self-talk on self-efficacy and dart throwing skill learning. The Method of this study was semi-experimental. Participants were 45 male students of Shahid Beheshti University who participated in pretest of dart throwing and self-efficacy after one session of dart throwing training, and then they were randomly divided into three groups: instructional self-talk, motivational self-talk and control. They practiced physical training with their own group for six days. Afterwards, participants participated in acquisition and retention test of dart throwing and post-test of self-efficacy. T -test and frequent analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the data. The result of frequent analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that instructional self-talk group was better than motivational self-talk and control group in acquisition of dart throwing skill. There was no difference between motivational and instructional groups in the self-efficacy of participants, but both groups were better than the control group. Result of this study showed that instructional self-talk leads to better acquisition and using selftalk increases individuals self-efficacy and there were not any differences between the instructional and motivational self-talk in self-efficacy of the dart throwing skill.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceptions of success. perceived Physical Fitness, and anthropometrical characteristics with performance in junior fencers (14.19). Anthropometrical characteristics of eighty-nine junior players (mean±ds, age: 16.30±1.77 years, height:175.34± 8.4cms) who participated in Iranian junior male grand prix (2012_tehran) were investigated. Roberts Perception of success questionnaire and Perceived Physical Fitness Scale were used for assessment of psychological aspect of the athletes and for ranking of mentioned matches. Results of Spearman‟s rank correlation coefficient showed the significant positive relationship (p˂0.05) between height and rank of the athletes, the ratio of opened arms to height and performance of Foil athletes and negative relationship between the ratio of efficient hand length to height and performance of Sabre athletes. Among the psychological factors, ego-orientation had a positive relationship with performance of Epee athletes while negatively related with performance of Sabre athletes. It seems that in the process of finding the talents, taller
it individuals was preferentially better in the three weapons and especially in sabre. Totally, these results suggest the various physical and psychological requirements of fencing athletes in three weapons.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of self-talk on attention and performance of archery athletes of Iran national team. A total of 24 elite male and female athletes of the national archery team were selected by random sampling and divided in the control and experimental groups (each group 12 participants). Pre-test of the attention was performed in two conditions without distractive stimulus and with this stimulus. To evaluate the performance in pre-test, each participant a total of 36 arrows. The
experimental group received self-talk training and did not pay to practical exercise. After 48 hours, post test of performance and attention was repeated. Mixed Analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to analyze the data. Results showed that, self-talk effect on Women's Compound performance (p= 0.005) was significant. But on women‟s Rykerv )p= 0.34), man‟s rykrv)p= 0.65) and Men's Compound )p= 0.47) was not significant. Also, the effect of self-talk on attention in men and women in situation with and
without distractors was not significant (p> 0.05). Therefore, it can be said that the impact of selftalk is more in women. Self-talk impact on attention is dubious and this work without distractors and with distractors may be the same in men and women.

motor asymmetry has a great importance in the performance of bilateral motor skills like soccer shot. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the effect of practice organization on motor asymmetry of soccer shot skill in children 7-10 year. Performance therefore, 50 male with mean age of 8.26 ±1.10 years from 3 soccer schools (5 left footed and 45 right footed) were selected by random cluster sampling method and randomly divided into dominant-nondominant blocked, nondominant-dominant blocked, serial, increasing practice, and control groups. The Coren's footedness test, the Amirfakhrian‟s pattern evlaluation scale, and Moore - Christine shot test (modified for children) were used to determine the dominant leg, evalutat shot pattern, and shot accuracy, respectively. The tests were performed in 3 phases (pretest, retention, and transfer tests). Results of ANCOVA indicated that in the retention and transfer tests, motor asymmetry indices in shot accuracy of control and increasing groups were the most and least values,respectively. On the other hand, motor asymmetry indices in shot pattern of increasing and nondominantdominant foot groups were the least and most values, respectively, in retention test, but in transfer test, there was no significant difference between groups in this index. Thus, practice with increasing the level of contextual interference is recommended for coaches to reduce motor asymmetry in feet for soccershot.

The performance of postural tasks jeopardized consistency by some of the physiological constraints such as noise induced fatigue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fatigue levels on postural sway variability dynamic structure of people with different levels of physical activity. recurrence
quantification analysis (RQA) was used to compare the nonlinear dynamic structure of postural sway in three groups of students (n = 12), novice shooters (n = 6) and Skilled shooters (n = 6) after isometric fatigue. The frequency domain median parameter of EMG data and Borg scale of perceived fatigue was used as an indicator of fatigue. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to determine the effect of fatigue on the variability variables of the three groups. The results showed that fatigue had significant effect on the value of the total variability, while the values of recurrence rate, deterministic structure and trend of 3 groups significantly increased from percent 70 of fatigue. It seems that Consistent performance is created through compensatory variability strategy of motor Parameters and this effect will not be influenced by the level of physical activity. However, the main effect of group is indicative of more adaptability of the skilled athletes in the face of fatigue to maintain optimal performance.