فهرست مطالب چالاک بایزیدی

The august 19, 1953 coup was one of the most important turning points in Iran’s contemporary history, in which researchers considered its economic and political roots mainly separately. The historical nature of this event has prevented a thorough analysis of the interaction between the economic and political causes of the coup. To compensate for this shortcoming, this article tries to investigate the economic and political causes of the coup in the context of the relation between this phenomenon and the influence of to</span> global powers such as Britain, United States, and Soviet Union. This article uses the theory of patron-client and neo-colonial dependency theory to explain the external economic and political roots of the 19 August 1953 coup in Iran. It begins with assessing the importance of Iran’s oil for Britain’s economy, then focuses on the political motivations of Britain and the United States governments for conducting the coup. The major motivation of Britain was to hinder the downfall of the empire while the United states’ paramount concern was to fetter the Soviet Union’s influence on the Persian Gulf region that the economic importance of Iran’s oil was negligible for the Britain’s economy thus it could not be the sole reason for the coup. In addition, the paper showed that the political motivations of Britain and the United States were based on the economic importance of oil as a strategic good. The innovation of this study is that it discriminates between the political-economic importance of Iran’s oil and the resources of other oil-rich Middle Eastern countries.

The wide range of consequences of the economic corruption problem has led to the importance of corruption control in strategic macroeconomic programs within countries. The issuance of the 8th command on combating economic corruption by the Supreme Leader in 2001 indicates the importance of the issue of controlling economic corruption from the perspective of the country's most senior officials. But, controlling economic corruption requires a comprehensive understanding of the causes of this problem. In other words, knowing the most important factors affecting the level of economic corruption is the prerequisite for adopting effective strategies to control this problem. Therefore, it is necessary to study the relationship between this index and macroeconomic variables by identifying the dimensions of economic corruption as an important obstacle to the realization of economic growth and development. This study has been conducted for 27 countries with abundant natural resources for the period 2000-2015. In this study, field and library methods were used to conduct the research. The panel data approach was used to analyze statistical information. The results of this research show that not only corruption in countries with natural resources studied in this research is affected by macroeconomic variables but can also affect them. The coefficients obtained for the variables used in this study are as follows: GDP, education, government efficiency, income inequality, government size, Human development, financial development, industry value added, media freedom, inflation and trade freedom. All coefficients except trade liberalization and financial development are significant at a significant level of 5%.