علی احمدی

The main objective of this research is to compare the role and strategies of contemporary intellectuals in the political development of Iran, and the intellectual movements of the last 200 years in the constitutional, first Pahlavi, second Pahlavi and post-Islamic Revolution periods, and intellectual discourses with various intellectual lines have been examined. The method of this qualitative research is based on a content analysis approach and using library tools and articles, in which the political thoughts and strategies of contemporary Iranian intellectuals have been investigated, and the researcher has extracted and analyzed the required materials using an inductive approach and triple coding. The research findings indicate that the intellectual movement in contemporary Iranian history has suffered from two fundamental weaknesses that have caused the strategies they mentioned in policymaking to not be effective: A. Lack of theoretical foundations and correct analysis of the objective conditions of society B. Internal differences and fragmentation of the intellectual community and intolerance towards each other. The results of the research also indicate that contemporary intellectuals have had different roles and strategies, which can be referred to as secularism among intellectuals of the Constitutional era, industrialization among intellectuals of the first Pahlavi era, progress in science and technology among intellectuals of the second Pahlavi era, and the elimination of dependence on the West among intellectuals after the Islamic Revolution. The conclusion of the research also indicates two exogenous approaches (modernist attitude and attention to Western ideas) and endogenous approaches (localization attitude and reliance on Islamic ideas) of contemporary intellectuals to political development. Malcolm Khan considered freedom and equality to be the source of the country’s progress, and his strategy was legislation and the rule of law. Foroughi considered intellectual development important and promoted modern ideas and familiarity with the principles of democracy, his strategy was awareness and transparency. Shariati, based on Islamic ideas, pursued political development, and his strategy was religious development. Soroush believes in civil society based on rights and pluralism, and his strategy is ethics and law to achieve political development.The lack of institutionalized connection between science and practice, resulting from the lack of practicality of intellectuals’ science and the lack of scientific practice of political elites, has slowed down the process of political development in the country, and the need for ideological approaches and an appropriate development model with an emphasis on identity foundations seems essential. Solving the crisis of political development requires redefining cultural and identity concerns to new issues. In addition to addressing some of the opportunities and threats existing in intellectuals’ strategies by criticizing discourses and presenting policy proposals, the present study is a kind of simultaneous recognition of all phenomena and areas that shape the life world of a society.

The main purpose of this research is to compare the role and strategies of intellectuals before and after the Islamic Revolution in the political development of Iran, and in this regard, the role of intellectuals of four different generations, the first, second, third, and fourth, has been investigated. The research method is qualitative and with a content analysis approach, using library tools and articles in which intellectuals of the first to fourth generation of contemporary Iran have discussed and researched, and the researcher used the inductive approach and triple coding to extract and analysis of related and required content. findings and results of the research show that intellectuals have different roles and strategies during the contemporary era, including secularism in the eyes of the intellectuals of the constitutional era, industrialization in the eyes of the intellectuals of the first Pahlavi era, progress in science and technology in the eyes of the second Pahlavi intellectuals, and Dependence on Western countries among the intellectuals after the Islamic Revolution.