a. r. qureshi

Central Asia is one of the geopolitical regions surrounding the Islamic Republic of Iran. The formation of this geopolitical region in northeastern Iran, the lack of regional stability in political and economic issues, etc. in the area of Central Asia and the Middle East, and the rapid changes in political, economic conditions, etc., have put many drivers and challenges in front of Iran's diplomatic and foreign policy apparatus. have given. The expansion of economic relations will strengthen the security of the region, and the increase in the influence of regional and extra-regional powers will cause insecurity in the northeast of Iran. The purpose of this research is to obtain the components and economic indicators effective on the defense relations of the Islamic Republic with the countries of Central Asia and to determine the extent of their influence on each other. In this research, the type of research is "applied-developmental" and the research method is "descriptive-analytical" and the main question of the research is "What are the components and economic indicators affecting the defense relations between Iran and Central Asian countries?" The conceptual model of the research taken from the opinion of the professors of this field was tested by the expert community with a self-made Likert scale questionnaire and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0/920. Its reliability was confirmed in the economic convergence component and with a coefficient of 0/721 in the economic divergence component, which includes two components and 10 indicators in the economic convergence component and 9 indicators in the economic divergence component.

In this work, we employ the fuzzy logic technique to achieve and present, for the first time, a proper analysis of the actual intensity of the increase in the coal miners’ fatality rates in Pakistan from 2010 to 2018, compared with China and India, with an objective to minimize the impact of incidents on the miners’ fatalities. The average and yearwise fatality rates in Pakistan, compared with China and India, are used for the fuzzy logic technique in order to calculate the actual degree of flexibility for the surging fatalities. The findings show that both the average (2010-2018) and yearwise fatality rates in 2011, 2015, and 2018 are 2.44, 1.74, and 1.6, respectively. In the fuzzy logic technique, the variables whose membership function (µ) values are ≥ 1 represent the absolute truth. The membership function values for the years 2011, 2015, and 2018 are alarmingly high for the fatalities of coal miners. Similarly, except for 2014 and 2010, where 0 represents the absolute falseness, the results for the remaining years indicate high fatality rates with a flexibility (or small extent) of its corresponding membership function (µ) values such as 0.623, 0.739, 0.219, 0.173 and 0.115, and 0.714, 0.24, 0.01, 0.324 and 0.317 using the average and yearwise analysis, respectively, compared with China. Likewise, the fuzzy logic membership function (µ) values compared with India in the remaining years are 0.704, 0.795, 0.386, 0.159, 0.352 and 0.306, and 0.675, 0.795, 0.386, 0.186, 0.321 and 0.322, respectively. The proposed fuzzy logic analysis has been founded based on the theory of fuzzy sets to properly identify the miners’ fatalities, and also to suggest the implementation of appropriate recommendations to reduce the fatalities in the coal mines in Pakistan.