a. sudiarso

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) face significant challenges in the global competitive market. An approach SMEs adopt to meet these challenges is implementing lean principles through the framework of lean implementation. Although some lean implementation frameworks have been introduced, previous research indicates that SMEs often need assistance applying this framework. This is caused by the need to adjust the lean implementation framework, which is considered limited by the resources owned by SMEs. Therefore, further research discusses adjusting the lean implementation framework and SME resources needed to improve operational performance. This study emphasizes the need for a lean implementation framework tailored to SMEs' scale and resources to reduce waste and improve operational efficiency. The lean implementation framework is developed by combining the lean implementation framework with the plan do check act (PDCA) approach and simulation to produce continuous improvements. The framework development stage evaluates the existing lean implementation framework based on previous research and SME resources. Furthermore, the framework that has been evaluated is grouped based on the plan, do, check, and action stages. This activity is carried out to ensure that lean implementation activities are a continuous improvement cycle. The final stage is adding simulation steps to the do and check stages to evaluate proposed improvements. The proposed framework was tested through a case study at Batik SME. The results showed the benefits and effectiveness of the proposed framework in the form of a 12.9-day reduction during work completion and an increase of 18.3% in the operator's utility.

This article presents a study on influence of Copper Concentration Electrolyte (CCE) and voltage on deposition rate of electroformed Conductive Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (CABS) produced through Fused Deposition Modeling. Additive manufacturing is widely recognized as a rapid production technology. In this research, copper electroforming was selected as subsequent treatment following additive manufacturing. The novelty lies in implementation of pre-treatment process involving electroforming. The pre-treatment process employs carbon conductive paint to render the ABS part conductive. The copper electroforming process involves the use of variable parameters such as electrolyte content of (100, 150, and 200 gram CuSO4 and 50 ml H2SO4) in 1 liter H2O, voltage (1, 2, and 3 Volts), and time (2, 4, 6 and 8 hours). The variables under observation include the copper deposition rate and the microstructure. The analysis of research based on Kruskal-Wallis test. The difference in electrolyte copper concentration and the coating time does not provide significant differences, while the duration of electroforming affects the thickness of the copper deposit. Furthermore, the concentration of copper electrolyte influences the solution’s conductivity, at high concentrations leading to improve conductivity and consequently facilitating a fast deposition rate. The difference in voltage has a significant effect on the deposition rate and microstructure.