ahmadzadehv

Rituximab is an anti-CD20 chimeric monoclonal antibody widely used for the treatment of malignant B cells lymphoma. However، the immunogenicity of murine-derived monoclonal antibodies and the large size of full length antibodies restrict cancer immunotherapy. Humanized single chain antibodies can be a solution and a promising alternative for application in immunotherapy. The aim of this study was to produce a humanized scFv antibody for a potential use in the diagnosis and treatment of B cell lymphoma. We used a CDR grafting based approach to design a humanized scFv gene fragment. The CDRs were grafted onto the closest human frameworks. The designed sequence was expressed in E. coli then purified. The level of expression was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and the reactivity to CD20 expressing cell line was explored by immunoblotting. Similarity analyses revealed that human germline gene IGHV1-46*03 and IGKV1-39*01 have the highest homology with their murine counterparts. Analysis by SDS-PAGE exhibited a high expression level in E. coli. Reactivity to CD20 expressing Raji cells showed that the produced antibody maintained the binding capacity to human CD20 marker. In our study، humanized anti- CD20 scFv indicated an original antigen-binding affinity. The findings serve as a basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies in the treatment of CD20- expressing cancers.

To evaluate the effect of different micronutrients application methods on concentration of elements in leaf and kernel of Zea mays L. cv. Jeta, an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design based factorial with three replications in Tabriz in 2008. Factors consisted of micronutrients (ZnSO4, MnSO4, H3BO3, FeSO4 and complete fertilizer) and three methods of micronutrients application (soil application, seed coating and foliar application) and no micronutrient was used in the control traetment. The results showed that the effect of different fertilizers and methods of their applications was significant on the yield at 1% of probability level.The highest yield (200.5 g per plan) was obtained by foliar application of ZnSO4 with 59 and 109.96 percent increase compared to foliar application of complete fertilizer and control treatments, respectively. Seed coating by H3BO3 prevented ear production. The results also showed that the effect of different micro fertilizers and different application methods was significant on concentration of nutrient elements in kernels and leaves at 1% of probability level. In foliar application of fertilizers mixture, H3BO3 amount reached to 63.5 and 13.91 mg in leaves and kernels, respectively, with an increase of 3.23 and 74.96 % compared to the control. Foliar application by FeSO4 increased it's concentration up to 157.7 and 5.5 percent in the leaves and kernels, respectively. Foliar application by complete fertilizer on leaves and fertilizers mixture in kernel resulted in 154.54 and 24.25 percent Mn concentration increase in corn leaves and kernels, respectively. Foliar application of ZnSO4 was also effective so that it caused of 201.95 and 149.59 percent increase in this element concentration in leaves and kernels compared to the control, respectively. It could be concluded that easy access to micro elements and their optimum application could increase their concentration in corn kernels leading to providing them in human body.