aidin sooratgar

A few studies have examined the masking ability of the combined application of opaquer and resin composites on tooth discoloration.
This study investigated the combined application of opaquer-composite to mask discolored backgrounds by utilizing two opaquers and resin composites.
In this in vitro research, we used two composite resins, Vitalescence (Ultradent) and Gradia Direct (GC), and two opaquers: Pink opaque (Cosmedent) and Creative Color A2 (Cosmedent). Seventy-two specimens were made as disks in 8 groups (n=9), with 1.0mm and 0.5mm thicknesses. One surface of each disk was coated by one of the opaquers and cured. The 4mm-thick composite disks from both composite brands were also made as a reference, representing the inherent color of the material. Then, the composite disks from the opaquer-coated surface were placed on a C4 porcelain disk as a background to simulate a discolored tooth. Color measurement for all specimens was performed using a spectrophotometer device. The color difference of each test group and 4 mm thick disks of the same composite were measured using the formula CIELAB (ΔE * ab). Statistical analysis was performed by using ANOVA and Tukey's Post hoc tests.
Statistically significant differences were observed between the eight groups (p= 0.001). The thickness, composites, and opaquer variants significantly affected the ΔE*. The samples with 1mm thickness, the Vitalescence composite, and the Creative Color opaquer A2, had significantly lower ΔE* than the 0.5mm samples, the Gradia composite, and the Pink opaquer, respectively. The number of samples with desirable ΔE was significantly higher in the Vitalescence composite group than in the Gradia composite, and the Creative Color A2 opaquer had significantly more desirable ΔE than the Pink opaquer.
Most results that achieved acceptable masking ability were obtained with combinations of Creative Color opaquer A2+ Vitalescence / Gradia composite in 0.5 or 1mm thicknesses.

One of the main reasons for the failure of root canal treatment is the incomplete knowledge of the root canal system.With respect to the complexity of maxillary molars root canal system, and the possibility of the relationship between the buccolingual width of the mesiobuccal root and root canal morphology in maxillary molars, the aim of this study is to determine this relationship with cone‑beam computed tomography (CBCT).

This in vitro study carried out on 311 CBCT scans. Maxillary first molars (n = 311) were evaluated in three sagittal, axial, and coronal planes. For each tooth the number of canals, presence of second mesiobuccal (MB2), buccolingual width of mesiobuccal root at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), and mid‑root level, and type of canals according to the Vertucci’s classification were determined.

The results showed that 49.1% of first maxillary molars had 3 and 50.8% had four root canals.The most common canal type in the mesiobuccal root wasVertucci’sType I followed byTypes II, IV, andV.The prevalence of MB2 in the Iranian subpopulation was 50.1%. In maxillary first molars with MB2, the buccolingual width of mesiobuccal root at the CEJ and mid‑root level (P < 0.001) was significantly greater than the corresponding values in other one without MB2.

The results showed that the buccolingual width of mesiobuccal root in maxillary first molars at the CEJ level and mid‑root was correlated with the number of root canals.

The aim of the present study is to compare the effect of SmearClear and sodiumhypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine (CHX) and normal saline (NS) on the push-out bond strength of Resilon/Epiphany system to dentine. Methods and Materials: In this in vitro study; 48 single-rooted teeth were selected and decoronated from the CEJ. Then the specimens were divided into four groups (n=12). The roots were prepared by single length technique using MTwo rotary system. The final irrigations of the canals were done using 2% CHX, normal saline, 5.25% NaOCl or SmearClear. The canals were obturated by Resilon/Epiphany system. The teeth were cut perpendicular to their longitudinal axis and four 1-mm-thick sections were obtained from coronal and mid root regions. The push-out bond strength of Resilon/Epiphany system to dentin were calculated and bond failure patterns were assessed. The data were subjected to two-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s tests. The highest bond strength values were reported for SmearClear and the lowest values for the NS solutions. The effects of irrigant type (P<0.05) and canal area (P<0.0001) on the bond strength of Resilon to dentin were significant (P<0.05). Higher bond strength values were obtained in the mid root areas compared to the coronal regions. In two-by-two comparisons, significant differences in bond strength were found between SmearClear and normal saline (P<0.05) while the other irrigants showed no significant differences (P>0.05). SmearClear solution was able to increase the push-out bond strength of Resilon to the dentin similar to other irrigants (NaOCl and CHX). Therefore, it can be used for the root canal irrigation and smear layer removal in the clinical situations.

The radicular groove is a developmental anomaly that predisposes the tooth to periodontal break-down. Sometimes the situation gets more complicated by pulp necrosis and development of a combined endodontic-periodontal lesion which is a challenge for the clinician from diagnostic and treatment point of view. This report presents the successful management of an endodontic-periodontal lesion in a maxillary lateral incisor with palatal radicular groove using a combination of nonsurgical endodontic therapy and periodontal regenerative techniques. The combination of nonsurgical endodontic and periodontal regenerative treatment is a predictable method in treating combined endodontic-periodontal lesions caused by palato-gingival groove.

The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the disinfection ability of 980-nm diode laser in comparison with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as a common root canal irrigant in canals infected with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). Methods and Materials: The root canals of 18 extracted single-rooted premolars were prepared by rotary system. After decoronation, the roots were autoclaved. One specimen was chosen for the negative control, and the remaining teeth were incubated with E. faecalis suspension for two weeks. Subsequently, one specimen was selected as the positive control and the remaining samples were divided into two groups (n=8). The samples of the first group were irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl and the second group were treated with a 980-nm diode laser. Microbial samples were taken from the root canals and bacterial cultivation was carried out. The average value and the standard deviation of colony-forming units (CFU) of each specimen were measured using descriptive statistics. The student’s t-test was used to compare the reduction in CFU in each group. The equality of variance of CFU was measured by the Levene’s test. NaOCl resulted in 99.87% removal of the bacteria and showed significantly more antibacterial effect compared to the 980-nm diode laser which led to 96.56% bacterial reduction (P<0.05). Although 5.25% NaOCl seems to reduce E. faecalis more effectively, the diode laser also reduced the bacterial count. Therefore a 980-nm diode laser could be considered as a complementary disinfection method in root canal treatment.

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of malocclusions on oral healthrelated quality of life (OHRQOL) among female adolescents. This is an observational cross-sectional descriptive study. A total of 129 female students with age ranges between 14 and 17 years old were randomly selected from Mashhad (Iran) high schools and were asked to fi ll out an OHRQOL questionnaire included in four parts: Oral symptoms, functional limitations, emotional well-being and social well-being. Each participant was clinically examined to assess her malocclusion according to the index of complexity, outcome and need (ICON) and fi nally the data were entered to SPSS 11.5 and the relation between these two variables was assessed with Pearson correlation test. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically signifi cant. There was statistically signifi cant correlation between ICON scores and quality of life (P = 0.0176). Being separately assessed, among four parts of the questionnaire, only emotionalwell-being was signifi cantly correlated with the ICON score (P < 0.05). Malocclusions play a vital role in OHRQOL. However, in female adolescents among four parts of OHRQOL, emotional well-being had signifi cant relationship with malocclusions.

Endodontic treatment in pulpless immature teeth is challenging due to the lack of an apical stop. Insertion of an apical plug is an alternative to conventional long-term apexification with calcium hydroxide. The aim of this study was to compare the apical microleakage of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement as apical plugs with three different obturation techniques. Methods and Materials: This experimental study was conducted on 130 single rooted human teeth with one canal. Samples were randomly divided into 2 experimental groups (n=60) and two negative and positive control groups containing 5 samples each. After cleaning and shaping, an open apex configuration was prepared in all samples. MTA or CEM cement apical plugs with 5 mm thicknesses were placed. Then, each group was divided to 4 subgroups and the remaining space of root canals were filled with either lateral compaction or thermoplasticized injectable gutta-percha or was obturated by filling the entire canal with apical plug material. In one remaining subgroup the canal space was left unfilled. Microleakage was measured by the fluid filtration method and results were analyzed by means of the two-way ANOVA test. There were no significant differences between microleakage of MTA and CEM cement apical plugs (P=0.92). The difference between three obturation methods was not significant, either (P=0.39). MTA and CEM cement have similar sealing ability as apical plugs and no significant difference was found in microleakage of the three groups.

Gingivitis is the most common form of periodontal diseases. Dental plaque is known as an essential cause of gingivitis. Because of the inability of many people to maintainadequate levels of plaque control through mechanical methods, Use of antimicrobial mouth rinses has been recommended as an adjunct to usual oral hygiene. Aim of present study was to determine the clinical anti plaque and anti gingivitis effects of Irsha and Listerine antiseptic mouth rinses. Method and material: This clinical study was a double-blinde, randomized, 21day trial which included 30 patients ranging in age from 18-24, with mild to moderate gingivitis. Exclusion criteria included previous scaling and polishing, effective systemic disease on our study process and history of smoking, etc. Plaque index(silness & loe 1964), modified gingival index(lobene 1986), papillary bleeding index(saxer & muhelmann 1975) were scored at baseline. Participants were assigned by a random code to one of three groups: Irsha antiseptic, Listerine antiseptic, normal saline (control group). All solutions were kept in the same bottles. At baseline, participants were refrain from all oral hygiene procedures for a period 72 hours during which they rinsed twice daily for 30 seconds with 15 ml of one of the mouthwashes. At day 3, all volunteers were recalled and we record mention indexes. Subjects of control group received scaling and dental prophylaxis and excluded from study. Subjects in Irsha and Listerine antiseptic groups follow their usual oral hygiene habits in addition to mouth rinsing. Subjects return to clinic after weeks for final assessment of indices. Then they received scaling and dental prophylaxis.Resuls: Both Irsha and Listerine antiseptic reduced papillay bleeding index. In both groups plaque index was reduced when mouth rinses were used at supplements to mechanical oral hygiene methods. Only Listerine antiseptic was effective in improving modified gingival index when it was used as an adjunct to usual oral hygiene methods. Both Irsha antiseptic and Listerine antiseptic were effective in reducting plaque and gingivitis. But Listerine antiseptic was more effective in improving gingival inflammation.