amin rahpeyma

Temporoparietal flap (TPF) is recommended when thin delicate tissue for medium sized defect is needed. The most used form of this flap is for auricle reconstruction. In this article usage of this flap for facial reconstruction other than auricle is discussed, emphasing on donor site morbidity.

In this retrospective study, archived files of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran were evaluated from 2016-2020. Patients whom TPF was used for facial reconstruction were included. Flap survival was checked and donor site morbidity was evaluated in the form of skin scar and frontal nerve branch injury.

This flap was used in 8 patients for facial reconstruction. All the cases had experienced Alopecia and this was the greatest when the skin of scalp was also included. All of the patients could elevate the eyebrow that means intact frontal branch of facial nerve.

TPF is a versatile flap for facial reconstruction. However, alopecia is high in composite fasciocutaneous form of this flap.

We aimed to investigate the pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions used for mitigating pain.

We integrated randomized controlled trials (RCTs) chosen from PubMed, Google scholar, and Scopus and aimed at assessing the effectiveness of one or multiple variants of Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as well as Narcotic analgesics, compared to corticosteroids, curcumin, hyaluronic acid, and antibiotics. In addition, trials utilizing NSAIDs, including Rofecoxib, which have been withdrawn from market circulation, were deemed ineligible for inclusion.

A total of 9 RCTs were evaluated in this study, and the patients' postoperative pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) and the time measurement. Moreover, there were various approaches to alleviating pain and discomfort.

The administration of ibuprofen prior to surgery leads to a marked reduction in pain. Pharmacological interventions, such as the administration of dexamethasone and oxycodone, alongside non-pharmacological interventions, such as laser therapy, have been shown to effectively alleviate the discomfort resulting from surgical procedures on the jaw and face.

Hemophilic pseudotumor is a rare lesion that is progressive and expansile by nature. It is a hematoma or a blood cyst surrounded by a fibrous capsule.

A 7-years-old boy was referred with a painless swelling in the mandible, bleeding and problem in mastication. Due to a late diagnosis, the patient went untreated for almost a year. After detailed examination and taking medical history as well as paraclinical investigations, including panoramic X-ray, CT (computed tomography), cone-beam CT, and angiography along with laboratory tests, a hemophilic pseudotumor was diagnosed. Treatment plan was set to curettage, coagulation factor injection and regular follow-up. The prognosis was satisfactory and the patient made a full recovery within a year.

A hemophilic pseudotumor is very rare in the jaw and can be diagnosed as a benign or malignant tumor due to its nonspecific radiographic features. Invasive treatment may result in severe bleeding or even death. Therefore, knowledge of the lesion is a prerequisite for careful diagnosis and treatment.

Large anterior palatal fistula and special alveolar clefts, such as edentulous atrophic premaxilla and absent premaxilla (premaxillectomy or agenesis), as well as wide unilateral alveolar cleft, are complicated cases in alveolar cleft bone grafting surgery. A superiorly-based buccinator myomucosal flap is suitable in this regard. The cleft patients whose large anterior palatal fistula and superiorly based buccinator myomucosal flap had been used for palatal or alveolar reconstruction were recruited in the study. The reconstruction method of the nasal floor, follow-up time, and hospital length of stay were recorded. A total of 10 patients had been treated by this method. The majority of them were male (6/10), the age range of the patients was 14-25 years. All flaps survived and a case of partial necrosis occurred. As evidenced by the obtained results, a superiorly-based facial artery musculomucosal flap is suitable when the palatal fistula is continuous with the alveolar cleft. Transmaxillary transfer is the other option in patients with closed maxillary arch.

Ankylosis of temporomandibular joint describes the pathological development of bony connections or fibrosis that occurs in the region between the condylar head of the mandible and the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone. This condition can severely affect the function of temporomandibular joint and its mobility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the practicality of CBCT imaging in different types of temporomandibular joint ankylosis.

This cross-sectional study involved 32 cases of ankylosed temporomandibular joint from 26 patients (12 males and 14 females) aged 8-65 years (mean age: 29.8±14.3) who had visited a private maxillofacial clinic between 2013 and 2016 for CBCT images of temporomandibular joint and had been diagnosed with ankylosis by a maxillofacial surgeon. The present study relied on both Dongmei’s and Sawhney’s classifications to assess the different types of joint ankylosis. A number of morphological parameters, including: D1 (the mediolateral diameter of the condyle), D2 (the width of the bony fusion area), D3 (the degree of calcification in the bony fusion area) and D4 (the D2/D1 ratio) were also defined and registered.

All of the four variables (D1, D2, D2/D1 and D4) showed a negative correlation with the extent of mouth opening, but the amounts were non-significant (P>0.05). The level of agreement between the two classification approaches was significantly low (P=0.003). The highest degree of coronoid hyperplasia was seen in types II and III according to both Sawhney’s and Dongmei’s classifications. The greatest measure of condylar head displacement was observed in types II and III of Sawhney’s, and type III of Dongmei’s classification. Connection in the lateral side of the joint in type III of both Sawhney’s and Dongmei’s classifications was the most frequent case. More severe cases of ankylosis were commonly associated with older ages, but the relationship was not significant (P>0.05).

CBCT seems to be the most advantageous modality of imaging as far as temporomandibular joint abnormalities are concerned, including ankylosis. Although the application of the two conventional classifications (Sawhney’s and Dongmei’s) produced little agreement in terms of radiological findings, it seems that the employment of such classifications in conjunction with CBCT imaging is a promising method for the diagnosis and evaluation of temporomandibular joint ankylosis.

The inferiorly and laterally based platysma myocutaneous flap contains hair in some ethnics; therefore, it is required to change the myocutaneous flap to myofascial flap to prevent the hair growth after its transfer to the oral cavity.   Five male mongrel dogs were selected for this study. De-epithelialized laterally based platysma flap, muscle part facing the oral cavity, was used for buccal reconstruction. The clinical healing process was photographed every week. After 40 days, biopsy specimens were obtained from the transferred flap.   According to the results, all flaps survived. At the end of the first week, the flap was covered with fibrinous exudate. On the third week, only the center of the transferred flap was not covered with mucosa. Within 40 days, the flap was distinguishable clinically from the adjacent buccal mucosa just by hypopigmentation. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of the biopsy specimens taken on day 40 showed thin stratified squamous epithelium covered with a tiny parakeratin layer.   Myofascial platysma flap, muscle part faced oral cavity, survives and undergoes mucosalization after adaptation to the recipient oral tissue.

We describe an interesting case of oral sub mucous fibrosis accompanied by severe trismus in a 23 years old man. The patient had initially been diagnosed as having internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint and conservative treatment had failed to decrease the symptoms. Despite extremely limited temporomandibular joint movement, cone beam computed tomography revealed no important abnormality. The patient had been referred to Mashhad Dental School for further evaluation. On detailed case history, the patient revealed oral adverse habits such as pan & tobacco chewing and on palpation fibrous bands were noticed on the anterior and some parts of buccal mucosa; therefore, the patient was diagnosed with oral submucous fibrosis and underwent surgical excision of fibrous bands.

Mandibular continuity defects after pathologic resections or traumatic events are difficult cases for reconstruction. Defects involving both hard and soft tissue loss are more challenging, because of problems in soft tissue coverage. The role of the submental flap in this regard is presented.
In a retrospective study from the archived files of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran between 2007–2016, lateral mandibular defects that were managed with submental flap for soft tissue coverage were selected.
Ten patients had been treated, of whom four cases were due to trauma/gunshot events and six cases were defined as pathologic resection; five patients with malignant lesions and one with benign intraosseous pathology, but with soft tissue invasion. There was one complication overall, concerning orocutaneous fistula formation.
Submental flap is indicated for coverage of the reconstruction plate when the lateral mandible is resected/avulsed with soft tissue loss limited to the oral cavity or due to through and through defects in the lower third of the face.

Treatment of edentulous atrophic mandible with severe atrophy is a challenge based on local conditions and systemic diseases confronted by the age group affected. If bone grafting is indicated, it is often used in lateral or inferior aspects of the mandible.
Case Report: A 70-year-old male with a unilateral fracture of the atrophied left mandibular body was managed by lingual bone grafting and inferior border miniplate fixation to prevent two common problems after fracture healing; the need for plate removal before denture fabrication and facial asymmetry in the unilateral body fracture.
If bone grafting is indicated in the management of displaced edentulous mandibular fracture with severe atrophy, a combination of plating at the inferior border of the mandible and lingual corticocancellous bone grafting should be considered in treatment planning.

Due to the known disadvantages of autologous bone grafting, tissue engineering approaches have become an attractive method for ridge augmentation in dentistry. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study conducted to evaluate the potential therapeutic capacity of PRP-assisted hADSCs seeded on HA/TCP granules on regenerative healing response of canine alveolar surgical bone defects. This could offer a great advantage to alternative approaches of bone tissue healing-induced therapies at clinically chair-side procedures.
Cylindrical through-and-through defects were drilled in the mandibular plate of 5 mongrel dogs and filled randomly as following: I- autologous crushed mandibular bone, II- no filling material, III- HA/TCP granules in combination with PRP, and IV- PRP-enriched hADSCs seeded on HA/TCP granules. After the completion of an 8-week period of healing, radiographic, histological and histomorphometrical analysis of osteocyte number, newly-formed vessels and marrow spaces were used for evaluation and comparison of the mentioned groups. Furthermore, the buccal side of mandibular alveolar bone of every individual animal was drilled as normal control samples (n=5).
Our results revealed that hADSCs subcultured on HA/TCP granules in combination with PRP significantly promoted bone tissue regeneration as compared with those defects treated only with PRP and HA/TCP granules (P In conclusion, our results indicated that application of PRP-assisted hADSCs could induce bone tissue regeneration in canine alveolar bone defects and thus, present a helpful alternative in bone tissue regeneration.

Autologous bone transplantation known as the “gold standard” to reconstruction of osseous defects has known disadvantages. This study was designed to explore the effects of hydroxy-apatite/tricalcium-phosphate (HA/TCP) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the osteogenesis ability of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAdMSCs) in vitro and in vivo.
hAdMSCs were incubated with HA/TCP granules and/or PRP in vitro and then, cell proliferation and differentiation was assessed by MTT assay, AZR S staining and SEM examination. In vivo, four cylindrical defects were drilled in the mandibular bones of 5 mongrel dogs and divided randomly into the following groups: I-autologous crushed bone, II- no filling material, III- HA/TCP and PRP, IV- PRP-enriched hAdMSCs seeded on HA/TCP granules. Inserted hAdMSCs were labeled to trace their contribution to bone tissue regeneration. Finally, cell tracing and tissue regeneration were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and histomorphometry methods, respectively.
In vitro, co-incubation with HA/TCP granules significantly reduced proliferation and osteogenic differentiation ability of hAdMSCs; while PRP application promoted these capacities (P Based on this study, application of stem cells could offer a helpful therapeutic tool in bone tissue regeneration. Although inserted hAdMSCs were identifiable throughout the newly-formed bone tissue, their few number could be an indicator of indirect role of hAdMSCs in tissue regeneration.

Saddle nose deformities mostly result from trauma. Most reports of saddle nose correction after trauma relate to isolated fractures, but in this article the experience of the authors is presented in relation to bone grafting for the correction of the saddle nose in multiple facial fracture patients..
The current study aimed to report the results of a protocol for choosing the source of bone graft for dorsal nasal bone grafting in acute trauma patients with multiple facial fractures..
Patients and In a retrospective study, archived files of maxillofacial trauma patients who were treated between 2005 and 2012 at Mashhad Emdad hospital (a level one trauma center) were reviewed. Cases were selected in which a traumatic saddle nose deformity concomitant with other facial fractures had been corrected with dorsal nasal bone grafting. The donor site, type of fixation, access to the dorsum of the nose, associated facial fractures, shape of the graft (cantilever or L-shaped), and plane of dissection in the dorsum of the nose (subperiosteal or subcutaneous) were assessed..
There were 11 patients treated using this method. The male-to-female ratio was 7:5. One miniscrew with the lag technique was the preferred method for the fixation of the dorsal nasal bone graft. Splitcalvarial bone graft was the most commonly used type of bone graft. An open rhinoplasty approach and maxillary degloving were two commonly used incisions, and the most commonly associated fractures were maxillary Lefort fractures. The cantilever design was used in eight patients for the correction of the saddle nose deformity, and in four patients the bone graft was inserted into the nose in the subcutaneous plane..
Saddle nose reconstruction with bone graft in multiple facial fracture patients is a predictable method if surgical accesses to the region are carefully designed, considering the accompanying fractures..

Statement of the Problem: Understanding about impression materials, their properties, uses and manipulation can guide operators towards having more successful restorations.
The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the accuracy of a condensation silicone impression material, Optosil, and an addition poly siloxane impression material, Elite-HD.
A laboratory model with two metallic dies was used to make impression. A horizontal notch on one of the two dies simulated an undercut. Ten impressions were made by each impression material by the putty-wash technique. After pouring impressions with velmix die stone, a total of 20 stone casts were made from both materials. Measurements of casts were compared with the master model. Statistical analyses were performed using t-test.
This results of this study showed that the height of die without undercut decreased in both groups. Also the height above the undercut decreased in both groups, which was more obvious in Elite-HD group than Optosil group. The distance between dies increased in both groups, with higher figures for Elite-HD. So, Optosil is a more accurate material for registering inter-abutment distance than Elite-HD. The diameter of die under the undercut decreased in Optosil group and was similar to the master model in Elite-HD. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between these two groups in the distance between abutments (p=0.001), the diameter of die under the undercut (p=0.014) and the height of die above undercut(p=0.057).
Optosil is more accurate in registering inter-abutment distance than Elite-HD, so Optosil is preferred for fixed partial denture impressions. Since Elite-HD showed more accuracy in C measurements than Optosil, it is preferred for single crown impressions.

This study was performed to evaluate and compare the calcification patterns of the stylohyoid ligament in Eagle’s syndrome (ES) patients, and asymptomatic patients with elongated styloid process (SP) via
cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
A total of 52 CBCT images in two symptomatic (ES) and asymptomatic groups (n = 26 per group) were assessed. The mean length and thickness of the SP, morphology, and pattern of calcification between the two sides in each group and between ES and asymptomatic groups were compared. The t-test was used for comparison. Fisher exact and chi-square tests were used to determine the relationship between different types of calcification pattern and morphology. The level of significance was considered at P The SP was thicker in the ES group than the asymptomatic group. However, the styloid length showed no significant difference among the ES and asymptomatic groups. The most common pattern of calcification in both groups was partially calcified with no significant difference between the two study groups. The most common morphology in the asymptomatic and ES groups was “segmented” and “elongated,” respectively.
The morphology and thickness of the SP showed a significant difference between the ES and asymptomatic groups. This can be helpful in differential diagnosis of facial, pharyngeal, and tonsillar pain.

Palatal fractures are frequently associated with maxillary fractures in midfacial trauma. These fractures may cause diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. If treated improperly, results would be malunion, malocclusion, and oronasal fistula formation. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the conventional miniplates used overmucosaly in the management of maxillary palatal fracture.
Under general anesthesia, arch bar was fixed to the existing teeth. After fixation of palatal fractures, appropriate occlusion was obtained by transpalatal wiring. Fixation of palatal fractures was performed with a conventional four-hole, straight-bar miniplate with 2 mm thickness and four 8-mm-long screws on both fracture sides. The patients remained with intermaxillary fixation for seven days and elastic therapy for two weeks. Miniplate and screws were removed about 8-12 weeks after their application. Follow-up was performed every three months for one year.
This technique was applied for 10 trauma patients with maxillary palatal fracture. Palatal overmucosal plate and screws remained rigid in their position until their removal. None of the patients suffered from oronasal fistula, bone exposure, or mucosal necrosis. Interference with speech and swallowing, as well as tongue irritation and difficulty in oral hygiene maintenance were not reported by any of the patients. Palatoalveolar segments remained in proper position, and pretraumatic occlusal patterns and facial width were restored except in one case.
Fixation of the palatal fractures with the conventional miniplates without elevation of mucoperiosteal flap helps with stability and preventing palatal width problems. In so doing, complications including fistula formation and interference with oral cavity functions are avoided.

Reconstruction of the oral cavity witha flap design containing the buccal mucosa and buccinator muscle but excluding the facial artery and vein is the topic of these case reports.
Case Reports: This article uses random pattern vertically oriented partial thickness buccinator myomucosal flap for intraoral reconstruction in two cases. The first was for lining the mandibular anterior vestibule in a trauma patient. The second was for oral side coverage of bone graft in special cleft patient. In both patients, this flap survived and good bone coverage with non-keratinized mucosa was obtained.
Thin long buccal myomucosal flap not including facial artery and vein can survive.

Odontogenic Myxofibroma (OMF) is an extremely rare benign tumor which only less than 40 cases have been reported throughout the world. OMF represents a locally aggressive behavior and has a high recurrence rate.
Case report: In this case report, a case of OMF of the lower jaw that was associated with unerupted lower third molar tooth, is reported. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) showed that the radiolucent area of the lesion was separated from the follicular space of the unerupted tooth. Histopathologic evaluation of the lesion confirmed the OMF and eventually the tumor was removed completely by block resection. No evidence of recurrence was noted followingsixteen months of surgery.
The radiologicrelationship of the OMF with cryptspace of unerupted or impacted tooth, have not already been mentioned in literatures. To establish an accurate diagnosis, Correlations of clinical, radiologic and histopathologic findings are essential. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a beneficial modality to evaluate the tumor extension to the soft tissue, discriminate it from other odontogenic lesions and reduce the recurrence rate of the tumor.

The nasolabial flap (NLF) has many advantages in oromaxillary reconstruction, but the majority of cases are reconstructions after pathologic resections. Its usage in trauma surgery, especially in the management of gunshot wounds, is rarely mentioned.. Three cases involving gunshot injuries to the face are presented: one for reconstruction of the nasal ala, another for bone graft coverage in mandibular reconstruction, and the third for the repair of premaxillary hard and soft tissue avulsive defects.. The NLF is a thin, pliable flap and is useful for intraoral and facial reconstruction of trauma patients with small to moderate soft tissue loss..

Wound dehiscence after lower third molar surgery extends the postoperative treatment period and may cause long-standing pain. The aim of this study was to compare wound dehiscence after removal of wisdom teeth in the most prevalent mandibular impaction (mesioangular class IB) by two different soft tissue flap designs. Partially-erupted mandibular third molars with mesioangular class IB impaction (Pell and Gregory classification) were selected. Split mouth technique was used to compare the two flap designs (envelope vs. triangular transposition flap—TTF). The patients were recalled one week and a month later and rechecked for dehiscence, infection, and dry socket formation. There were no cases of infection in either group. However, three cases of dry socket in the envelope group and four in the TTF group were recorded. In the envelope group, dehiscence occurred in 43% of cases during the first week, with 67% of cases being a large dehiscence (diameters of more than 5 mm). Extra appointments (those requested by the patient exclusively related to the problem of the hole distal to the second molar) were scheduled in 10% of cases in the envelope group. In the TTF group, dehiscence occurred during the first week for the same impaction in 19% of cases with large dehiscence cases occurring in 65% of cases and extra appointment rate at 4.1%. According to the results in the evaluated operation, TTF may prevent postoperative wound dehiscence more probably than the envelope flap.

Dermoid/Epidermoid cysts are rare pathologic lesions that may involve the floor of the mouth. Infection and inflammation of the cyst can produce a clinical picture very similar to the submandibular and submental abscesses with odontogenic origin. Dermoid/epidermoid cysts are on the floor of the mouth with submental or submandibular component can be mistaken for odontogenic infections. Four biopsy proven dermoid/epidermoid cysts operated in the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Ghaem hospital (2012-2013), were reviewed. Four patients, including two classic cases and two infected dermoid/epidermoid cysts, were erroneously diagnosed as odontogenic infection. The lesions located solely below mylohyoid muscle need to be removed through anextraoral approach but the lesions above the mylohyoid muscle or those that have both supra- and infra-mylohyoid components can be removed through an intraoral incision. Dermoid/epidermoid cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis of submental/submandibular swellings. In the absence of an odontogenic cause of infection, fine-needle aspiration biopsy and appropriate imaging evaluation techniques with sonography, CT or MRI are mandatory for correct diagnosis and surgical treatment planning. The clinicians should be very cautious to differentiate odontogenic infections from infected dermoid/epidermoid cysts.

The glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a rare lesion with odontogenic origin. It shows a propensity for recurrence revealed in 30% of all case. This investigation reports a case of recurrent GOC in a 35-year-old female in the anterior region of the maxilla, which is uncommon and discusses about IHC finding, surgical methods, and differential diagnosis. Under general anesthesia, peripheral bone ostectomy via large round bur for removal of remaining epithelium of the cyst wall was done. Finally liquid nitrogen was used to remaining bone. This article recommends that soft tissue adjacent to the cortical bone perforation should be excised, as well as peripheral bone ostectomy by large round bur for removal of remaining epithelium of the cyst and liquid nitrogen application to the bony cavity. Because of high recurrence rate of the lesion close follow up of the patients is needed.

Orthodontic elastic has been investigated for tooth movement. Study about their use in treatment of jaw fractures is limited. This study is designed to measure force relaxation of 3/16 inch heavy latex orthodontic elastics in jaw fracture treatment simulated conditions. This study is designed to study the force relaxation of 45 heavy 3/16 inch orthodontic elastic (American Orthodontist, AO) (4/8 mm internal diameter) were measured using Zwick testing machine (Zwick GmbH & Ulm Germany) in 0, 1, and 14 days of immersion in simulated oral environment. In each of these three occasions, 15 specimens were placed in jigs with metallic pins that inserted 15 mm and 20 mm apart that is equivalent to the normal inter-arch space in a closed mouth position. The jigs were incubated in 37°C and each 24 hours they received 10 thermal cycles of 55°C and 5°C for 30 seconds in a thermocycle. The distribution of the data was evaluated by Klomogrov-Simirnov test and after confirmation of a normal distribution; data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Mean force decay at 15 mm stretch was significantly differ between 0-1 days and 0-14 days (P < 0.05) but was not significantly differ between 1-14 days. The same relations exist for 20 mm stretch. This study creates scientific basis for use of orthodontic elastics in treatment of fractured jaws.

Knowledge of the presence of the alveolar antral artery in the lateral maxillary sinus wall is essential for surgeons who operate in this region. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between alveolar antral artery diameter and lateral maxillary bony wall thickness in dentate patients. Thirty five Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans from 35 dentate patients were selected in coronal sections in three locations; second premolar (P2), first molar (M1), and second molar (M2). The presence of the alveolar antral artery in each situation was determined and the bone thickness in the region of alveolar antral artery was measured perpendicular to the lateral wall of the maxilla. The alveolar antral artery was present in 67.1% CBCTs. The difference between the alveolar antral artery diameter was only significant in the first and second molar area (P=0.039).There were significant differences between bone thickness in three locations, with the thickest bone in the first molar area followed by the second molar and second premolar, respectively. The correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive correlation between bone thickness and alveolar antral artery diameter. This study showed that the thicker the bones in dentate patients, the greater the chance of interference with the large caliber intra-osseous alveolar antral artery.

Assessment of the lateral wall thickness of the maxillary sinus is very important in decision making for many surgical interventions. The association between the thickness of the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus and the dental status is not well identified.. To compare the thickness of the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus in individuals with and without teeth to determine if extraction of the teeth can lead to a significant reduction in the thickness of the maxillary sinus lateral wall or not..Patients and In a retrospective study on fifty patients with an edentulous space, the thickness of the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus,one centimeter above the sinus floor in the second premolar (P2), first molar (M1) and second molar (M2) areas was determined by cone beam computed tomography scans(CBCTs) and a digital ruler in Romexis F software (Planmeca Romexis 2.4.2.R) and it was compared with values measured in fifty dentated individuals. Three way analysis of variance was applied for comparison after confirmation of the normal distribution of data.. The mean of the wall thickness in each of these points was lower in patients with edentulous spaces; however it was not significant. There was no association between gender and the thickness of the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus, but location was associated with different thicknesses.. The differences in the thickness based on the location and dental status necessitates assessment of the wall thickness of the maxillary sinus in addition to the current evaluation of bone thickness between the sinus floor and the edentulous crest before maxillary sinus surgery..