amirmohammad vaezi

The glycemic index (GI) and inflammation are associated with several diseases; however, the relationship between GI and inflammation remains unclear. In this systematic review, the authors hypothesize that GI influences inflammatory biomarkers but can be significantly affected by unrecognized statistical confounders. 

A comprehensive search was made in ScienceDirect, Web of Science, PubMed, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and Google Scholar from 2010 to April 2022 using MESH and un-MESH keywords. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) were used. 

Out of 24,577 studies, 14, including one master's thesis, were included in this review. Seven of these studies were conducted on individuals with a disease, six were on healthy or obese individuals without other illnesses, and one focused on pregnant women. IL-6 was measured in 8 studies, TNF-α in 7, CRP in 6, and hs-CRP in 2. Five well-designed studies confirmed that GI can influence inflammation, while seven found no association. Several unaddressed confounders and limitations were identified across the studies. The primary factors affecting the results were dietary patterns, metabolic factors, and food processing. 

Based on the results, evidence supports a slight effect of GI on inflammatory biomarkers. The bias risk in different studies is high. More studies are required, and this review provides essential considerations to lower the bias risks for further studies.

The development of startup ecosystems has become a global trend. These ecosystems have proven their importance to governments by having a significant impact on the creation of technology companies and the economic growth of the country. In Iran, too, for many years, efforts have been made under various headings to develop the startup ecosystems. In this article, based on the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF), the existing policy narratives of startup ecosystem development policy in Iran between 2013-20 years have been analyzed. After analyzing these data, it was found that the three main narratives of catch-up, wealth creation and infiltration, have formed the discussions around the development of this ecosystem. In the first part of the analysis, which was related to representing the structuring of narratives, it was found that the narrative of catch-up and wealth creation during their coalition with each other, marked the birth and initial development of the startup ecosystem in Iran. The infiltration narration entered the policy arena sometime later as a negative force. Finally, the strengths and weaknesses of the narrations were examined.

Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections affecting human health. Since Enterobacteriaceae bacteria are common causes of urinary tract infections, this study aimed to determine the frequency and pattern of Enterobacteriaceae antibiotic resistance in patients with urinary tract infections to prevent increased antibiotic resistance of these bacteria and prevent increased treatment costs. This cross-sectional analytical study was performed on 3 different age groups of Clienteles referred to Valiasr Clinic Laboratory in Mashhad. Detection of bacterial species was performed using conventional microbiological methods and biochemical tests, and according to the instructions of the Institute of Clinical and Laboratory Standard 2021, the pattern of antibiotic resistance of isolates was evaluated by the disk diffusion method. Out of 438 urine cultures with positive results in terms of Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli with a prevalence of 76.7%, Klebsiella 14.4%, Enterobacter 4.3%, Proteus 3%, and other bacterial species with a prevalence of 1.6% Were observed. Bacterial isolates showed the lowest antibiotic resistance against Piperacillin-Tazobactam (13%) and Amikacin (17.2%), and also had the highest antibiotic resistance against Cefazolin (81.5%) and Co-trimoxazole (62.5%). Due to the frequency of urinary tract infections and to prevent their serious complications, it is necessary to study the pattern of regional antibiotic resistance in medical centers for effective and timely treatment. Therefore, it is recommended that Amikacin and Piperacillin-Tazobactam antibiotics be considered for the experimental treatment of urinary tract infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae.