c. jiang

The study was conducted to determine the apparent and standardized ileal digestibility (AID and SID) of phosphorus (P) in plant origin feedstuffs of corn distiller’s dried grains with solubles (corn DDGS), wheat bran (WB), wheat grain (WG), wheat middling (WM),soybean meal (SBM), canola meal (CNM), cottonseed meal (CSM), and peanut meal (PM), fed to total 612 male arbor acres broilers with or without microbial phytase. A 23 day-old birds with initial body weight (BW) of  939±8.89g were randomly allocated to a factorial 2 × 8 arrangement with a randomized complete block design of sixteen dietary treatments and one P-free diet, with six replicates (cage) and six birds/cage. A purified phosphorus-free (P-free) diet was also prepared to determined endogenous P loss (EPL). The ileal digesta were collected from euthanized birds and analyzed. The study results indicated that the SID of P in WB (38.46%), PM (37.98%), WG (36.90%), and WM (35.69%) was significantly lower (P < 0.001) than SBM (52.01%), corn DDGS (49.41%), CNM (47.02%), and CSM (46.09%) based diets. The Addition of microbial phytase to SBM and WM improved the SID of P by more than 40%, while the others improved by about 34.80%, which is from 31.55% in CNM to 37.77% in CSM. The least improvement was recorded in corn DDGS (5.12%). The feedstuffs ileal digestible P equivalent value of 1000 FTU/kg phytase was ranged from 0.2g to 1.6g. The ileal EPL of the current study was determined to be 46.28 mg/kg DMI. In conclusion, the application of microbial phytase and formulation of plant origin broiler diets based on SID of P can reasonably help to utilize phosphorus resources for reducing feed costs and minimize environmental pollution.

In this paper, a new installation of flat plate deflector which attached on the bottom of the bogie frame is proposed and its anti-snow accumulation performance with different attack angles is numerically studied. The wind-snow two-phase flow in the bogie region is simulated based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations combined with the Realizable k-ε turbulence model and the Lagrangian particle phase method. The adopted numerical simulation methodology is verified and validated by comparing with previous wind tunnel tests. In this paper, three typical attack angles (30°, 60°, 90°) for deflector are studied. The results show that: the 30° case has a medium influence on the flow field and reduces snow accumulation by 35.14%; the 60° case guides the high-speed airflow downward and has the best effect with 62.46% reduction in snow accumulation; the 90° case has the smallest reduction with 20.30% in the mass. Overall, all deflectors with three different installation angles can reduce the mass of snow accumulated on the bogie surface.

The identification of molecular markers linked to leaf curl virus (CLCuV) disease resistance in cotton has the potential to improve both the efficiency and the efficacy of selection in cotton breeding programs. Genetic analysis suggested that CLCuV resistance is controlled by a single dominant gene. In this study, an interspecific F2 population derived from a cross of Gossypium barbadense and Gossypium hirsutum was phenotypically classified into CLCuV susceptible and resistant plants. A subset of these F2 plants was evaluated by selective genotyping, with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to identify DNA markers linked to the CLCuV resistance gene. Sixty seven F2 derived F3 families were evaluated for segregation at 137 RFLP loci. Three DNA marker loci, linked to each other, also showed significant association with CLCuV resistance. Sequencing of linked markers will permit locus-specific DNA primers for use in PCR-based identification of CLCuV-resistant plants in breeding populations.