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The goal of this study was to determine the effect of foot serial casting along with botulinum toxin type-A injection on spasticity in children with cerebral palsy.

This study was a randomized clinical trial performed as a pre-post, double blind study. It was performed on 25 children with hemiplegia and diplegia (2-8 years) in Tehran city, who were referred to valiasr rehabilitation foundation. Participants were chosen by simple randomized sampling and were matched for age, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and type. They were randomly divided into two groups. The first group (n=13) underwent BTX-A injection alone and the second group (n=12) had BTX-A injection and foot serial casting after the injection. Clinical assessments were done using the GMFCS and Modified Ashworth Scale before and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the interventions. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test and mann-whitney U.

Comparison of two groups in regard to the right and left knee spasticity at, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after injection showed no significant difference in comparison to those before interventions. Furthermore, comparison of right and left ankle spasticity before injection with that at 1, and 3 months follow ups did not show statistically significant difference, but significant differences were found when compared with 6 and 12 month follow-ups (P<0.05)

It seems, one of the proper approaches to reduce spasticity in children with cerebral palsy is foot serial casting along with botulinum toxin type-A injection and it can decrease the muscle tone when applied more than six months.

The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection in the hamstring and calf muscles with and without ankle serial casting in the improvement of gait in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

This double-blind prospective clinical trial was performed on 25, 2 to 8-year-old children with hemiplegic or diplegic CP in Tehran, Iran in 2010. The participants were chosen by simple randomized sampling and were matched for age, gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) and type of CP and were randomly divided into two groups: children in the first group (13) only received BTX-A injection, but the second group (12) received BTX-A and serial foot casting starting one week after the injection.

Comparison of the gross motor function, right and left knee spasticities and passive ROM of both knees between the two groups before and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the injections were not statistically significant (P>0.1). Furthermore, comparison of the right and left ankle spasticities and passive ROM before the injections and in1 and 3-month follow-ups did not show a statistically significant difference (P>0.1), but the differences were significant in 6 and 12-month follow-ups (P<0.05).

BTX-A injection with serial foot casting vs. BTX-A alone was more effective in decreasing spasticity and improving passive ROM in the ankle of children with CP, but such injections in the hamstrings were not useful in these regards.

The aim of this study was to determine effect of home based lovaas approach on social interaction, Speech and language, Play and behavior skills, and intensity of autism in young children with Autism

This study was a quasi-experimental, interventional pre/post design. Thirty children with Autism were selected by convenience sampling in a rehabilitation center by matching closely, 8 years old, in Tehran city.The impact of lovaas approach was evaluated in children with Autism. For evaluation total scores and dimension of social interaction skills speech and language play a behavior before and after therapeutic intervention we used The PDD assessment scale/screening questionnaire. The results were analyzed with paired T test and wilcoxon signed and multivariate T2 Hotteling and SPSS software edition 17.

After intervention PDD assessment scores decreased (P<0/001). Significant progress were observed in social interaction skills (P<0/001).Speech and language (P=0/001), play (p<0/001) and behavior (P= 0/002). Significant decrease wasnt seen in the intensity of PDD after intervention (P> 0/05).

The result showed that home based lovaas approach increased the social interaction, Speech and language, Play and behavior skills in children with Autism