deepak kumar

This manuscript introduces and investigates various types of mappings in the context of a $C^*$-algebra valued metric space. These include conditionally compatible, non-compatible, and faintly compatible mappings. Additionally, the manuscript establishes fixed-point results for certain combinations of these mappings. Specifically, it considers pairs of self-mappings that satisfy either a $(\phi-\psi)$-Kannan-type or Chatterjea-type contractive condition and proves common fixed point theorems for faintly compatible continuous or reciprocal continuous along with non-compatible pairs of such mappings. Also, non-compatibility is relaxed by using the $E.A.$ property and faintly compatible continuous property or reciprocal continuous property for pairs of self-mappings. To demonstrate the practicality of these results, the manuscript includes examples that illustrate their usefulness.

Gastrointestinal tuberculosis can have a plethora of presentations, commonly abdominal discomfort, altered bowel habits, weight loss, fever, or mild rectal bleeds. Massive and recurrent life-threatening Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding (LGI) is an unusual presentation in mild-moderate hemophilia cases. Our case is a moderate hemophilia patient with a significant recurrent GIT bleeding where ileocecal tuberculosis was identified later as the culprit.

Clinical Description: 

We report an uncommon case of recurrent episodes of life-threatening LGI bleeding in a patient with moderate hemophilia A. The child was given factor VIII replacement therapy with each episode of bleeding. The radionuclide scintigraphy revealed the ileal origin of the bleed and contrast CT abdomen showed features suggestive of ileocaecal tuberculosis which was confirmed later microbiologically.

Management and Outcome:

 The patient showed significant improvement after the use of anti-tubercular drugs and achieved complete remission. 

An alternate diagnosis concurrent to the non-severe form of hemophilia should always be sought as a possibility in case of severe spontaneous and recurrent LGI bleeding.

Airgun injuries are prevalent in the pediatric population. The present study described a case of air gun pelletinjury to the left carotid artery and its successful management. A 25-year-old man presented to the emergencydepartment complaining that his son had accidentally injured him with an air gun pellet while playing. TheX-ray cervical spine revealed a single foreign body (pellet) located directly anterior to the C5-C6 vertebra. ACT angiography of the neck showed a spherical hyperdense object just anterior to the C6 vertebral body onthe left side, 3 mm posteromedial to the left common carotid artery, which was most likely a pellet foreignbody. The patient was sent to operation theatre (OT) for exploration. There was a rent in the internal carotidartery with active bleeding. After exerting both proximal and distal control, the rent was closed. Close air guninjury could result in gunshot wounds, as in the present case. Plain X-rays in AP and lateral view are required.Nonoperative management could be employed in a restricted group of patients with satisfactory outcomes.Those who have vascular involvement will require surgical intervention.

 Acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma is a very common presentation in the pediatric emergency department, thus being a major cause of morbidity in children. Intravenous magnesium sulfate is often used for the management of acute asthma. The actual association of serum magnesium levels with the severity of the disease has been explored in various studies but lacks concrete results, especially in Indian children. The aim of this study was to assess serum magnesium levels in children with acute bronchial asthma and determine the association between magnesium levels and various parameters in asthma.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care center in New Delhi in the year 2021-22. A total of 40 children aged 6-11 years presenting to the emergency department with acute exacerbation were included. Serum magnesium levels were determined in all patients who came to the emergency department with an acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma. The prevalence and association between hypomagnesemia and various disease and population variables were determined.

The prevalence of hypomagnesemia was 20% in the included patients. Lower magnesium levels were found to be associated with lower oxygen saturation on admission, longer duration of hospitalization, deranged pulmonary function tests, and the need for mechanical ventilation.

The results showed that hypomagnesemia was significantly associated with increased severity of bronchial asthma.

We give a  method to establish a fixed point via partial $b$-metric  for multivalued mappings.  Since the geometry of multivalued fixed points perform a significant role in numerous real-world problems and is fascinating and innovative, we introduce the notions of fixed circle and fixed disc to frame  hypotheses to establish fixed circle/ disc theorems in a  space that permits non-zero self-distance with a coefficient more significant  than one.  Stimulated by the reality that the fixed point theorem is the frequently used technique for solving boundary value problems, we solve a pair of elliptic boundary value problems.  Our developments cannot be concluded from the current outcomes in related metric spaces. Examples are worked out to substantiate the validity of the hypothesis of our results.

Without utilization of computer and its related technology, modern day’s life cannot be headway. It has also transformed into an incredibly troublesome task. The genuine challenges included are shorter life cycles, cost effective and higher software quality goals. Despite these challenges the software developers have started to give cautious thought on to the procedure to develop software, testing and reliability investigation of software and to reinforce the method. Developer most fundamental decisions related to the perfect release time of Software. Software development method incorporates a piece of vulnerabilities and ambiguities. We have proposed a multi objective software release time issue under fuzzy environment using a software reliability growth model to overcome such vulnerabilities and ambiguities. Further we have discussed the fuzzy environment framework to deal with the issue. Considering model and issue, we can especially address the issue of when to release software under these conditions. Results are illustrated numerically.

In this paper, we have extended our literature survey with experimental implementation. Analyzing numerous Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques in software engineering (SE) can help understand the field better; the outcomes will be more effective when used with it. Our manuscript shows various AI-based algorithms that include Machine learning techniques (ML), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Deep Neural Networks (DNN) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Natural Language Processing (NLP), Genetic Algorithms (GA) applications. Software testing using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) approach, predicting software maintainability with Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH), Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN), and Software production with time series analysis technique. Furthermore, data is the fuel for AI-based model testing and validation techniques. We have also used NASA dataset promise repository in our script. There are various applications of AI in SE, and we have experimentally demonstrated one among them, i.e., software defect prediction using AI-based techniques. Moreover, the expected future trends have also been mentioned; these are some significant contributions to the research

In the present manuscript, we prove some new fixed point results for multivalued mappings in the setting of b-metric space. Also, we obtain some results for the data dependence of fixed points, the directed graph endowed with a b-metric and for the fractals of an iterated multifunction system. The proven results extend and generalize some of the results in the literature.

This paper explores certain fixed point results for multivalued mapping in a metric space endowed with an arbitrary binary relation $\mathrm{R}$, briefly written as $\mathrm{R}$-metric space. The fixed point results proved  are subjected to contraction conditions corresponding to the multivalued counterpart of $F$-contraction and $F$-weak contraction in $\mathrm{R}$-metric space. The main results unify, extend and generalize the results on multivalued and single-valued mapping in the literature. To support the conclusion, several examples have been provided.

In this paper, we introduce the notion of Bipolar R-metric space that in a way enriches the present literature. Here, on associating a binary relation R with bipolar metric space, we obtain a fixed point result which is well supported with an illustrative example.

From the recent literature review, it is evident that existing agile methodology lacks the method to evaluate the requirement understanding of agile team members for a given set of requirement chosen for agile software development. Hence, there is a need to introduce a requirement understanding check to ensure every agile team member follows the given requirement clearly without any ambiguity. To fill this existing gap, this research paper proposes to extend the usage of story cards to evaluate the understanding of the given requirement and to highlight any challenges and risks in the early stage of requirement understanding under agile software development methodology, if any. This paper primarily focuses to introduce a robust requirement understanding evaluation process in agile methodology. The research results were found to be motivating and were analyzed by comparing the data-points using time-series for performing agile query analysis, agile team velocity analysis and agile team involvement analysis for two agile teams where one team delivered the sprint output using agile traditional method while another team opted for proposed approach. A considerable decrease of 33.07% was observed in the number of queried raised and a significant increase of 26.36% in agile velocity was observed for agile sprint under proposed approach when compared to agile traditional approach. Also, a significant shift from 40%-80% team involvement under traditional agile method was uplifted to 80%-90% team involvement under proposed approach.

Modern advances in techniques and implants have allowed for a better operative fixation for distal femoral fractures. Both locked plating and retromedullary nail have allowed surgeons to stabilize these fractures with minimal soft tissue dissection and preserve blood supply. Although both the implants have been used extensively for such types of fractures, the superiority of one implant over the other is still doubtful. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to compare locked plating and retrograde intramedullary nailing in distal femoral fractures. Based on prisma guidelines, electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Ovid Medline were searched using a well-defined search strategy. Outcome measures which were studied included blood loss, implant failure, infection, knee range of motion, malunion, non-union, pain, surgical duration and union time Surgical duration (95% CI 2.90 to 17.13, p <0.01) and blood loss (95% CI 69.60 to123.18, p <0.01) favoured plating group and the difference is significant. But while analysing parameters like implant failure, knee range of motion, non-union and union time, our analysis favoured nailing group, but the difference is not significant. Overall, both locked plating and retrograde intramedullary nailing are comparable with respect to union and complications in distal femur fractures, but we need further larger and high quality randomized studies to evaluate the difference. Level of evidence: Therapeutic-Level II

Rapid surge of invasive mucormycosis has surprised the Indian healthcare system amidst the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Hence, there is an urgent need to find the risk factors for the sudden rise in cases of invasive mucormycosis among COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to find crucial risk factors for the sudden surge of invasive mucormycosis in India.

This case-control study included 77 cases of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis (CAM) who matched the controls (45 controls) in terms of age , gender, and COVID-19 disease severity. The control group included subjects that matched controls without mucormycosis confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction at our tertiary care center during April-May 2021. Probable predisposing factors, such as duration of diabetes mellitus (DM), history of recent hospitalization, duration of hospital stay, mode of the received oxygen supplementation, and use of steroids, zinc, vitamin c, and any other specific drugs were collected and compared between the two groups. Moreover, the laboratory parameters, like glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP),and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were analyzed to find out the significant association with CAM.

DM (Odds ratio=7.7, 95% CI 3.30-18.12; P=<0.0001) and high glycatedhemoglobin level (HbA1c>7.5 gm %) (odds ratio=6.2, 95% CI 1.4-26.7; P=0.014) weresignificant risk factors for the development of invasive mucormycosis among the COVID-19 cases. A higher number of mild COVID-19 cases developed CAM, compared to the moderate to severe cases (59.7% vs 40.3%). Use of systemic corticosteroids (odd ratio=5 with 95% CI 1.5-16.9; P=0.007) was found to be a risk factor for invasive mucormycosis only in mild COVID-19 cases. Use of oxygen, zinc, and vitamin C supplementation, and proprietary medicine did not lead to a significant risk of invasive mucormycosis in cases, compared to controls. Cases with invasive mucormycosis had a higher level of inflammatory markers (hsCRP and ESR, P=<0.001 and 0.002,respectively), compared to the controls.

Uncontrolled and new-onset DM and the use of systemic corticosteroids in mild cases were significantly associated with a higher risk of invasive mucormycosis in COVID-19 cases. There should be a strong recommendation against the use of systemic corticosteroids in mild COVID-19 cases.

Scrub typhus (ST) is a rickettsial infection caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, which presents with flu like symptoms. This disease has been reported from all over India but with slight variations in its pattern. For decreasing the prevalence, preventing new incidences, and predicting the course of the ST, therefore, it is crucial to gain knowledge and perception of local risk components associated with the disease. The present study aimed to investigate the epidemiological distribution and potential risk factors of O. tsutsugamushi Infection in Eastern Uttar Pradesh (EUP), India.

The serums of 211 samples were collected from the suspected cases along with the detailed information about the participants such as age, location, and place recorded in case history form (CRF). IgM estimation was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay.

A total of 58 samples (27.4%) out of 211 ones were found to be positive for IgM antibodies against O. tsutsugamushi bacterium. Furthermore, the results were correlated with epidemiological data such as gender, rural or urban background, pets, and occupation. The results showed that 76.7% of the study participants were from rural areas or had bushes around their houses, 88.3% of them had pets/cattle or frequent encounter with rodents at their houses, and 30.3% of them had no toilet facilities at home.

It was concluded that the proximity to pets/cattle, having rodents in closer vicinity, residing in places surrounded by vegetation/farm/bushy areas, and following occupations involving field work increased the chances of getting bitten by mites/chiggers. Overall, Orientia tsutsugamushi prevalence increased in EUP, with respect to clinical features, disease presentation, and laboratory diagnosis can help our community to reduce the mortality caused by this infectious disease .

In the present article, we prove some result using $C_*$-class function in the notion of C*-algebra valued metric space which is more general than metric space. The obtained results extend and generalize some of the results in the literature.

In this manuscript, we initiate an almost $alpha$-$F$-contraction and an almost $alpha$-$F$- weak contraction in the setting of partial metric spaces and establish adequate conditions for the presence of fixed points. The obtained results generalize the classical and recent results of the literature, which are validated by suitable examples. As applications of these established results, we solve a nonlinear fractional differential equation and a boundary value problem.

 The use of traditional medicine and medicinal plants in most developing countries, as a normative basis for the maintenance of good health, has been widely observed. In the last century, approximately 121 pharmaceutical products have been discovered based on the information obtained from the traditional healers. In the present study, we thoroughly investigated the phyto-pharmacological potential of Calotropis procera which is extremely effective as medicine and its phyto-constituents show strong antioxidant properties.

The world health organization has estimated that world population of about 80 % from developing countries depends on herbal medicine for their basic health care needs. Calotropis procera is an important drug of Ayurvedic medicine and researchers are exploring the therapeutic potential of this plant. Calotropis is a plant with excellent medicinal properties which is used for curing different human ailments.

Recommended applications/industries: 

The present review article provides a viewpoint on phytopharmacological potential of Calotropis procera which could be beneficial for future research on development of better and economically superior therapeutic agents.

We present a rare case of pathological shaft of femur fracture in an 18‑year‑old male, with an underlying arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Magnetic resonance imaging showed extensive intraosseous femoral involvement of the vascular malformation, and the canal was deemed to be wide enough for a nail based on the radiograph templates and computed tomography (CT) scan. The patient was given four sessions of stereotactic external beam radiotherapy preoperatively, and closed reduction and internal fixation was performed using a proximal femoral nail without any complications. Radiographic evidence of fracture union was observed at 4 months. Fracture fixation by closed reduction can be either intramedullary fixation or external fixation based on the adequacy of the canal as determined by radiograph and CT scan. Preoperative measures to decrease vascularity such as stereotactic radiotherapy and angiographic embolization can be undertaken to reduce bleeding. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to improve the management of fractures in a patient with AVM

Malrotation with midgut volvulus often results in gangrene of midgut with relative sparing of duodenum. An extremely unusual case of Malrotation with isolated necrosis of distal duodenum is described with brief review of literature. Isolated duodenal necrosis in association with malrotation is very rare; it increases the complexity of surgery and prolongs hospital stay.

Injury to the femoral artery usually occurs either in open penetrating injuries or in association with fractures, but is unlikely with closed blunt trauma without fracture. We reported a 24-year-old female with a right-sided closed complete rupture of the superficial femoral artery without any bone injury and contralateral femoral shaft fracture following riding a bike and hitting by a tractor over both lower limbs. The right thigh and knee were swollen and tender with absent distal pulses without any knee instability. The left lower limb was shorter with crepitus and abnormal movement in the left thigh and intact distal pulses. Radiographs showed left femoral shaft fracture and no bony injury on the right lower limb. Angiogram showed non-opacification of the right distal superficial femoral artery. Fogartisation of distal and proximal ends were done and femoral artery was reconstructed using reversed saphenous vein interposition graft. So the clinical necessity of looking routinely for any arterial injury, even in cases of blunt trauma without bony injury is of great importance.

Typhoidal Salmonella causes an invasive infection resulting in 200 000 deaths among 20 million patients annually. Typhoid remains a public health problem in Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, Africa, and South America. Traveler’s diarrhea caused by Salmonella is common in Asia. Outbreaks of typhoidal Salmonella resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the 1990s pushed therapy to ciprofloxacin which was replaced by ceftriaxone due to fluoroquinolone resistance. This prospective study characterizes demographical, etiological, and resistance patterns in typhoidal Salmonella at a 1000-bed teaching hospital in New Delhi, India. Two hundred inpatients in pediatrics, obstetrics-gynecology, medicine, intensive care, and OPD in whom Salmonella bacteremia was detected were characterized by routine and automated microbiology techniques. The mean age of patients in this study was 21.4 years. Overall, 71% of patients suffered from Salmonella Typhi followed by 26% from Salmonella Paratyphi A. Four cases of Salmonella resistance to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol were encountered. A high degree of partial and complete resistance to fluoroquinolones was seen among Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Paratyphi A, and Salmonella Paratyphi B cases. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was 48% among Salmonella Typhi and 100% among Salmonella Paratyphi A cases. Only 18% of Salmonella Typhi cases were completely resistant to quinolones, while 79% were partially resistant. A total of 92% of Salmonella Paratyphi A cases were partially resistant to quinolones. Four Salmonella cases were resistant to ceftriaxone. Salmonella Typhi remains the predominant serotype, followed by Salmonella Paratyphi A. The high prevalence of quinolone resistance in Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A is a serious problem limiting empirical therapy to non-quinolone-based therapy such as ceftriaxone. Multidrug-resistant Salmonella is an emerging problem requiring active surveillance among residents and travelers presenting with tropical fever.

A library of eighteen amide containing Schiffs bases has been synthesized and screened for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antinociceptive activities. The compound 2 (COX-1 IC50 = 63.23 µM; COX-2 IC50 = 1.80 µM; SI = 35.12) exhibited potent selective COX-2 inhibition as compared to indomethacin (COX-1 IC50 = 3.60 µM; COX-2 IC50 = 7.50 µM; SI = 0.48). The compounds 2 and 7 reduced the COX-2 level to 7.5 ±0.35 nmole/min/ml and 6.8 ± 0.32nmole/min/ml respectively. The compounds 6 exhibited reduced the TNF-α level to 3.36 ± 0.18pg/ml. The compounds 2, 6, 7, 13 and 17 did not induce any gastric ulceration in comparison to the standard drug indomethacin.

An orbital defect causes severe facial asymmetry and disfigurement that result in an immense emotional trauma to the patient and is also associated with economic, esthetic, and psychological problems. A prosthetic replacement is the treatment of choice in helping individual to return to his normal life by producing an acceptable and lifelike appearance. This case report describes the critical areas of fabrication of ocular prosthesis for a patient with missing right eye due to trauma to eye ball in an accident. Patient had given a history of surgical enucleation of the eye 15 days after ocular trauma. A polymethyl methacrylate ocular prosthesis was planned. The technique described in this case report presents the use of both custom‑made and stock eye shell in an attempt to include the benefits of both. A novel attempt was made to simulate eye movements and exact color matching to that of contralateral eye to provide a better and functional ocular prosthesis to the patient.