dr. mohammad-reza sarokhani

The increase of stress following the technological improvements appears to be an important factor that causes organs disorders like genital system. Therefore the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of chronic multiple sequential stress on rat testis 18 Wistar rats were divided randomly into two equal groups. In animals under stress، the mice were exposed to different multiple sequential stress as Forced swimming، Restraint، Water deprivation، Isolation and Food deprivation for 10 days while the animals in control group were kept in their cages without any disorders. After weighing the animals and anesthesing with xylazine-Ketamine، the testis of animals were removed and weighed. After fixation with formaldehyde (10%)، testis samples were prepared for light microscopic study. The number of spermatogonia، spermatocytes I & II، sperm & leydig cells، thickness of the seminiferous tubule determined using Image Tool software in the studied groups. Finally the data were compared statistically. The present study showed that the mean number of spermatogonia، spermatocyte I & II، sperm & leydig cells in stress group have significantly decreased compared to control group (P<0. 001). Moreover، the mean thickness of seminiferous tubule in stress group have significantly decreased compared to control group (P<0. 001) Our study showed that chronic multiple sequential stress can have negative effects by reducing the number of spermatogonia، spermatocyte I & II، sperm، leydig cells & thickness of seminiferous tubule in rat testis but more studies are needed to confirm these results.

Background and Early and accurate diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is critical concern. Optimum and rapid laboratory facilities are not routinely available for detecting the etiologic agents of meningitis. The objective of this study was the comparison of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with culture, for the detection of bacteria in CSF samples from patients suspected of meningitis in Hospitals of Qazvin. 100 CSF samples were obtained and divided in two parts. One part of samples was used for standard bacterial culture and gram staining. The remaining was used for DNA extraction. A PCR assay was performed with universal primers for 16S rDNA gene of bacteria. Performance characteristics of the test were determined. The PCR method was able to detect bacteria in 36 cultures (..) positive and in 38 of 64 cultures were negative cases, showing sensitivity, Specificity of 100% and 40.6% respectively. Positive predictive value (PPV) was 48.6% and its negative predictive value (NPV) was 100%, however, Kappa coefficient showed the correlation of 2 methods to be at 0.33. There are advantages and disadvantages in performance characteristics of the conventional CSF culture and universal CSF 16S rDNA PCR. Therefore, it is recommended to use both methods in clinical practices, particularly in suspicious contaminated samples, with presumable presence of fastidious or slow growing bacteria and antibiotic consumption.