فهرست مطالب fahime edalat

The pediatric population worldwide bears a significant morbidity and death burden due to acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Human Orthopneumovirus, sometimes referred to as the Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV), is one of the main causes of ARIs in infants. The main goal of this study was to identify the genetic diversity of HRSV strains that were circulating in the Iranian population at a certain time of year.

Two hundred youngsters less than 12 years old with acute respiratory infections had samples taken from their throat and pharynx secretions. Then, external and hemi-nested PCR were employed, using specific primers target- ing the G gene region to detect HRSV. Subsequently, nine randomly selected positive samples were subjected to sequencing. The results were then compared with reference strains cataloged in GeneBank, and phylogenetic tree was constructed using Chromes and MEGA7.

Out of 200 samples, 34 were identified as containing HRSV. Subgroup A was predominant, accounting for 61.76% of cases, followed by subgroup BA (35.29%) and subgroup B (2.94%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed five samples associ- ated with subtype B and four with genotype A. Genomic analysis showed three samples under the GA2 subgroup and one under GA1 for subtype A, and four samples in subgroup BA and one in GB2 for subtype B.

In this study, subgroup A strains, particularly genotype GA2, exhibited a higher prevalence compared to sub- group B strains during the specific period under investigation, shedding light on the genetic landscape of HRSV in this region.

Variation in the hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza A/H3N2 can affect antigenicity and virulence, potentially leading to the emergence of vaccine escape variants and antigenic shift viruses. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic variation of the HA gene to enhance global influenza virus surveillance.

The primary objectives of this research included molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the influenza A/H3N2 HA gene. Therefore, this research aimed to contribute valuable insights to influenza surveillance efforts on a global scale by identifying the variants associated with vaccine escape and antigenic shift.

RNA extraction was performed on 300 nasopharyngeal swab samples from patients with influenza-like illness using a commercial kit. The presence of influenza A/H3N2 was determined using qRT-PCR. Subsequently, positive samples underwent HA gene amplification through RT-PCR using the Sanger method. Variability in HA immunological sites was compared with reference sequences, and genotype/subtype was determined. Alignment and phylogenetic analyses were conducted to construct a tree utilizing an optimal nucleotide substitution model

Among the 300 samples, 22 (7.33%) tested positive for influenza A/H3N2, with a male distribution of 13 cases. The mean age of the participants was 35 ± 2.40 years. The analysis of antigenic site mutations revealed significant variations (A, B, D, and E) in the HA gene, with major mutations at positions 140 and 186. Noteworthy mutations such as S159Y and the previously undocumented K83R substitution at antigenic site E. Phylogenetic analysis classified the A/H3N2 strain into clades 3C.2a and 3C.3.

The identified mutations in the HA gene suggest potential changes in antigenicity, emphasizing their relevance to vaccine development and surveillance strategies. It is recommended that ongoing molecular investigations be conducted for effective influenza control; also, the ongoing need to monitor influenza viruses is suggested to be highlighted. This research provides valuable insights necessary for maintaining efficient influenza control measures globally.

Adenoviruses are dsDNA viruses known for causing respiratory, gastrointestinal, ocular, and genitourinary infections. Epidemiological insights are crucial for public health interventions. This study focuses on the epidemiology of adenoviruses in acute respiratory cases, aiming to enhance preventive and therapeutic strategies.

This cross-sectional study was performed on collected throat swab samples from individuals under 19 with acute respiratory symptoms. Nested-PCR was used to detect adenovirus presence in 328 samples. DNA extraction, quality assessment, and statistical analyses were conducted to determine prevalence, clinical manifestations, in the papulation under study.

Among the 328 samples analyzed, 72 samples (22%) including 25 male and 47 female tested positive for adenovirus infection using Nested-PCR. Clinical symptoms evaluation revealed distinct manifestations. Fever was presented in 72.6% of cases, cough in 64.6%, and muscular pain in 64%. Gender differences emerged, with 56.3% of infected individuals being females and 34.7% males. Statistical analyses confirmed these associations, providing valuable insights into the prevalence and clinical aspects of adenovirus infections.

The identification of distinct clinical manifestations, coupled with gender-specific prevalence, underscores the complexity of adenovirus infections. These findings contribute crucial knowledge to the understanding of adenovirus epidemiology, highlighting the need for targeted interventions and public health strategies to address their substantial burden on affected populations. Further research and ongoing surveillance are imperative for the effective management and mitigation of adenovirus-related respiratory diseases.