h. akbarzadeh

Ferula assa-foetida (asafoetida) is a native Iranian species which grows in different regions and climates in Iran. The plant is well known in Iranian Traditional Medicine as well as folk medicine for treatment of diseases. Several studies have been carried out on the essential oil of this species collected from different areas of Iran. This study is the first report about the essential oil of the plant collected from Neishabour mountains that is a potent area for growing this valuable plant species.

Essential oil of the aerial part of Ferula assa-foetidawhich wascollected from Neishabour, Iran, was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the essential oil was investigated against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia) bacteria using microdilution method.

Twenty three components representing 97.06% of the total oil were identified. (E)-1-propenyl sec-butyl disulfide (53.77%), (Z)-1-propenyl sec-butyl disulfide (35.6%) and α-pinene (3.4%) were identified as major components. The MICof the essential oil ranged from 12-24 mg/mL against all tested bacteria.

The results indicated that among various compounds identified in the essential oil of F. assa-foetida L. from Neishabour mountains, disulphide compounds were the major constituents of the oil. In comparison to other reports of this plant around the country, disulphide compounds could be the reason of its moderate antibacterial effect.

Freshwater lakes are considered one of limited water resources that in recent decades are faced with many problems of quality and quantity. Proper management of these resources requires accurate information of component of the water budget. Evaporation as most unknown term of water budget, have a large share of water losses. To have precise information on the spatial and temporal distribution contribute to principles of qualitative and quantitative planning at water resources. Chanimeh’s artificial reservoirs are located in the east part of the country, with an area 141 Km2 was selected as case study. In this research, evaporation rate were estimated by SEBAL model and using meteorological data and satellite images of MODIS. Pan method applied in the region was used as reference method. As a result, the mapping of evaporation by 25*250 m spatial resolution was obtained. In point compare SEBAL model results with pan observed amount, the model correlation coefficient R, 0.74 and the error average percentage, ±14.5 and RMSD is equal to 2.95 mm. The mean latent heat flux and evaporation in average daily rate for the 202th of Julian days of 2012 year from water surface are equal 308 W/m2 and 13 mm per day, respectively.

Electronic properties for bcc Fe and hcp Co in bulk state and also Fe-Co alloy were calculated by quantum calculation based on density functional theory and pseudopotential method. Combination of Wannier function and Berry phase theory was used for calculation of anomalous Hall conductivity in above structures. It was seen that split of band by the spin orbit interaction، lying on the Fermi level، has a major role in Berry curvature. Acquired results agree with experimental ones and thus it seems that conductivity in bulk state is intrinsic.