iraj hassanzad

After the logging ban for Hyrcanian forests, it is necessary to investigate its consequences. The purpose of this research is to identify the appropriate strategies resulting from the logging ban for future forestry plans. First, the positive and negative consequences were adjusted according to the origin of the effect in the form of internal and external SWOT factors. After screening items with acceptable validity and reliability, from the conflict of internal and external factors, four SWOT strategies including progressive (SO), competitive diversity (ST), revision (WO), and defensive (WT) strategies were determined. 45 strategies based on sustainable management were evaluated by the TOPSIS technique using a Delphi survey (15 experts) with purposeful sampling and a 7-point Likert scale. The results of Shannon's entropy calculations showed that the Strategy of management structure, local forest communities, ecological and health values, dealing with risks, and other global forest functions have the most weight and influence in the ranking of sustainable management strategies. The results showed that according to the Pareto principle, 34 strategies have 80% importance. Therefore, for sustainable management, a wide range of decisions should be taken in forestry plans. logging ban strategies include the expansion of wood farming, conserving habitats, special trees, ruined parcels, and the outskirts of villages, wood and non-wood exploitation subject to the elimination of forest destruction factors with the participation and increase of the income of traditional users and the design and implementation of forestry plans as Balanced in all forest areas with more restrictions on traditional animal husbandry and interaction conditional on protection and restoration with forest herders and the triple integration of management, environmental and social perspectives in the supervision of forestry plans, promotion of education programs and promotion of natural resources. Basic exploitation by growing young stands, reducing natural hazards, increasing wood cultivation, eliminating hydrological disturbances in the forest road zone, and implementing forestry plans based on sustainability criteria are considered to be the most important solutions for sustainable forest management.

To understand climate change adaptation in forest management, it is necessary to be examined the general approach of perception and experience with daily behavior to adapt to climate change and the relationships between them. According to the National Center for Drought and Crisis Management, based on the SPEI index, 62.2 percent of the annual and 84.9 percent of decade of the total area of Guilan, respectively, is affected by drought. This study examines the relationship between people's perceptions and experiences of drought as a climate disaster and their daily behavior in terms of adaptation to climate change. Using the theories of world psychology, a questionnaire based on the Theory of Regular Levels (CLT) and Planned Behavior (TPB) was developed and distributed to the teenager generation at the school level in Rudbar city. Then, by using the structural equation model and path analysis, standard beta coefficients and factor loads were estimated using PLS software. For the research variables, convergent validity of AVE was greater than 0.5 and Cronbach's alpha for reliability was greater than 0.7, indicating the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. SEM results showed that drought experiences had an indirect relationship with adaptive behavior, but the two hidden variables of climate change and water saving perception had a direct relationship with adaptive and saving behavior. Significance of these relationships was confirmed by t-test with 95% confidence. The existence of a stronger relationship between the variable of climate change than the variable of perception of water saving implies that people focus less on abstract concepts (high level of CLT structure), while their focus is on objective concepts , like more daily behaviors. Therefore, considering the impact of climate change on climate disasters in Hyrcanian forests, it is necessary to plan climate change adaptive behavior to deal with climate disasters.