j. fahim

The destructive tests are limited for investigate the ancient buildings and non-destructive tests or statistical approaches are preferred instead. In this research, the chemical composition of Soltaniyeh Dome tiles was investigated with a statistical approach. Characterization of colored glazed tiles belonging to historical collection of SD was performed using portable XRF, followed by comparison of samples using PCA/Euclidean distance analysis was made. Decorated motifs which were investigated in this study were blue, green, yellow, white and black colors. According to the classification performed by principal component analysis, three groups of glaze composition, consist of bright colors (Group 1), dark colors (Group 2) and sky blue color (Group 3) was recorded. The results indicated the main differences in the chemical composition of samples while having similarities in the existing colors. The reason was related to the different sources of raw materials which has been provided in periods of time. A similarities were observed between the color composition of pottery glazed tiles and the color composition reported on gypsum surfaces by previous researchers.</em>

Solid flame, represents a special pattern of combustion That all of its compounds involved starting, final, and possibly intermediate materials are present in their solid state even at maximum combustion temperatures. The products of solid flame are composed of valuable refractory compounds like as carbides, borides, etc. The focus of conducted researches in this field was on the development of a new production method for Refractory Compounds and Advanced Ceramics, the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). It should mention that nowadays By development of sciences and technology, the SHS Process is Conquering the World. Also, in the conducted researches in Japan and Former Soviet Union, This Process was presented as a main branch of Research and Development.In this article, the Historical Perspective of SHS Process and its applications like as Environmental Protection, will be mentioned.