فهرست مطالب mehrnoosh khodaeian

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most important health problems with increasing prevalence worldwide. Oxidative stress that is a result of imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and antioxidant defense mechanisms has been demonstrated as a main pathology in DM. Hyperglycemia-induced ROS productions can induce oxidative stress through four major molecular mechanisms including, the polyol pathway, advanced glycation end-products formation, activation of protein kinase C isoforms, and the hexosamine pathways. In development of type 2 DM (T2DM) and its complications, genetic and environmental factors play important roles. Therefore, the aim of this review is to focus on assessment of single-nucleotide polymorphisms within antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, nitric oxide synthase, and NAD(P)H oxidase and their association with T2DM. The results will be helpful in understanding the mechanisms involved in pathogenesis of disease besides discovering new treatment approaches in management of DM.

Obesity is currently considered as a serious global health problem which is influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Association of genetic variants with obesity is widely scrutinized in recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate present data on genetics of obesity in Iranian population in a systematic review study. To obtain all related studies, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Persian web databases; IranMedex and Magiran were searched up to January 2013. The search terms were; “gene”, “polymorphism, “obesity”, “waist circumference”, “BMI” affiliated to Iran. Non-population cross sectional studies, experimental studies, in vitro studies, case reports, review articles, letters to editor, short communications and dissertations were excluded. Finally 11 articles that investigated association of different gene variants with obesity were included. Due to the heterogeneity of data, it was impossible to perform a Meta-analysis. Our study showed that males with TT genotype for +45T>G variant of adiponectin gene, GG genotype for -11391G>A polymorphism of adiponectin, GC+GG genotype for Pro12Ala PPARγ2 gene variant, 1484insG carriers of PTP1B and AA genotype of 4223A>C ADA gene variant had significant positive association with obesity in Iranian population. However gene variants of glucokinase, TNF-α, UCP2, MTHFR, β3-adrenoreceptor and apolipoprotein E were not significantly associated with obesity. There are discrepancies in association between obesity and genetic variants in Iranian population compared to other populations. Therefore we suggest large scale genome wide association studies on defined populations with distinct clinical features are necessary in future to further investigate underlying genetic variants associated with obesity in Iranian population.