mohammad raiszadeh

Medication errors pose a significant threat to patient safety in healthcare settings. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and types of medication errors among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses in Iran through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, SID, and Magiran, were searched for studies on medication errors among ICU nurses up to February 2025. A manual search of references from primary and review studies was also conducted. Studies were limited to Persian and English languages. Bias assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 3).

A total of 19 observational studies were selected and included in the study. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of medication errors among intensive care unit nurses was 64.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54-0.74, P<0.05). The prevalence of incorrect dosage, incorrect injection rate, incorrect time of administration, and incorrect medication were 15.6% (95% CI: 0.08-0.27, P<0.05), 18.5% (95% CI: 0.08-0.37, P<0.05), 11.8% (95% CI: 0.08-0.15, P<0.05), and 9.5% (95% CI: 0.05-0.16, P<0.05), respectively. Publication bias was not observed in the study (P=0.49).

The high prevalence of medication errors among ICU nurses in Iran highlights an urgent need for intervention. Proper nurse training, adoption of advanced technologies, improved working conditions, and enhanced communication can significantly reduce medication errors in hospitals.

The goals of intercropping are to increase support and reduce competition among plants and to make optimal use of available resources to achieve higher yields. This experiment was conducted at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research (Arak) as a factorial design in a randomized complete block design. The experimental factors included intercropping ratios of two plants, Stevia and Iranian borscht, using the replacement method (25% stevia + 75% borage, 50% stevia + 50% borage, 75% stevia + 25% borage, pure stevia and pure borage) and wheat stubble mulch, including no mulch application (control), mulch coverage on the furrows (three tons per hectare), and mulch coverage on the furrows and ridges (six tons per hectare). Results indicated that morphological traits, including plant height and number of stevia stems, were significant. In contrast, primary stem diameter, leaf greenness index, and leaf area index were significant. A significant interactive impact was observed between the mulch and hybrid cultivation on Stevia glycosides and fatty acids of Iranian borage. Stevioside glycoside is significant at a 1% level, and the highest level of stevioside (3.74%) was observed in a cultivation ratio of 75% stevia and 25% Iranian borage with mulch within furrows. The highest level of gamma-linolenic unsaturated fatty acids (3.8%) was obtained by consumption of mulch in furrow with ridge coverage. The lowest level of palmitic saturated fatty acids (9.94%), and stearic acid (4.05%) were observed in a cultivation ratio of 75% stevia and 25% Iranian borage with mulch within furrow and ridge coverage.

 Broad-spectrum antibiotic resistance genes are one of the most common developing resistance genes worldwide. Accordingly, it is of paramount importance to study the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes to report them to physicians to select the most appropriate treatment.

 This study aimed to detect three genes of ESBL such as TEM, AmpC, and KPC simultaneously.

 Primers were designed for ESBL genes such as TEM, AmpC, and KPC with Genscript software. In this study, control-positive genes were used for the PCR set-up. Fifty isolates of Escherichia coli isolated in the Baqiyatallah Hospital were confirmed and checked by Multiplex PCR.

 This study revealed that TEM, AmpC, and KPC primers could detect positive control genes. The sensitivity and specificity of the multiplex PCR technique for these genes were 0.001 ng and 100%, respectively.

 This study revealed that a Multiplex PCR with a sensitivity of 0.001 ng and 100% specificity can detect ESBL genes precisely. Accordingly, the rapid and precise detection of the antibiotic resistance genes and the recommendation of an appropriate treatment pattern can decrease the distribution of antibiotic resistance occurrence and economic cost.

Epilepsy is a common brain disorder that characterizes by the persistent tendency to develop seizures in the neurological cognitive and psychological contents. MRI imaging is a neuroimaging study that helps finding structural epileptogenic lesions. The goal of this study is comparing the MRI findings between patients with intractable and drug-responsive epilepsy.

This case-control study was performed from 2007 to 2019. We consecutively enrolled all 1 to 16-year-old patients with intractable epilepsy who referred to shafa neuroscience center (72 patients) as case group and drug responsive patients who referred to pediatric neurology clinic of Baqiyatallah hospital as control group.

72 (23.5%) patients included in intractable epilepsy group and 200 (76.5%) patients in the drug-responsive group. The average age of total patients were 6.70± 4.13 years and gender distribution of the cases were 126 males and 106 females. Normal brain MRI was seen in 21(29.16%) patients case group and 184 (92.46%) in control group. Neuronal migration disorder (NMD) was seen in 7 (9.72%) patients in case group and zero patient in control group. Also, the hippocampal abnormality and focal lesions (mass, dysplasia, etc) MRI findings were seen in 10 (13.88%) patients in case group and only 1 (0.05%) case was in the control group. The corpus callosum agenesis, hydrocephalus, brain malacia, and developmental cyst were seen non-significantly more in the case group.

MRI findings such as hippocampal abnormalities, focal lesions (mass, dysplasia, etc), NMD, porencephalic cysts, gliosis, and atrophy are seen significantly more in intractable epilepsy patients.

 The aim of this study was to investigate the various aspects of the implementation of the health system transformation plan after seven years of its implementation in Iran.

 The present study was conducted in two phases in 2021. In the first phase, a comparative study of health system reforms and developments in selected countries of Turkey, Malaysia, South Korea, Mexico and Brazil was reviewed. In the second phase of the research, using the narrative review method, the published studies on the impact of the Iranian health system transformation plan were searched and summarized, and information about the researchers, the province where the study was conducted, and their most important findings were extracted. Data analysis was performed as a comprehensive review of articles, qualitative summary and final conclusions.

The effect of health transformation plan on the performance of services in the dimensions of natural childbirth and cesarean section, stakeholder satisfaction, performance evaluation of providers and the volume and amount of services used and the effect of health transformation plan on the function of financing in the dimensions of household financial participation, payment Out of pocket, the financial performance of departments and units, health and insurance expenses, and informal payments were identified and reviewed.

 The findings of the present study showed that the health system transformation plan in Iran after seven years and with the implementation of various steps and packages, in the areas of reducing out-of-pocket payments, cesarean section rates without indication, non-payments Formalism and access to health services have to some extent been able to achieve predetermined goals.

Coordination is a critical factor in successful organization and appropriate response to disasters. In this regard, a centralized coordination mechanism is the first step towards an effective, efficient, and sustainable response in order to be ensured of the short- and long-term recovery. Thus, this study aimed to identify and prioritize the barriers and facilitators of coordination in disasters.
This research was a descriptive and cross-sectional study, conducted in 2016. The participants comprised 22 experts in field of disaster. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire according to the analytical hierarchy process approach. For data analysis, we used Expert Choice software.
Based on the results, “dominance of organizational approach instead of national points of view when addressing the health management during disasters,” took the first priority rank, earning the score of 0.344 among the barriers. Furthermore, among the facilitators, “having a processive and organizational view in health management during disasters,” took the first priority rank, earning the score of 0.374.
To increase the effective coordination in health area, we should develop infrastructure and structural measures, which include bolstering authorities’ belief about the health system’s role in the response to disasters, reinforcing the national approach rather than organizational approach in the field of health at disasters, implementing the coordination requirements, attending sufficiently and specifically to public participation, reducing the organizational friction in the health field for sharing resources and information, raising the level of readiness with a focus on people and training programs, and finally creating an evolutionary process in the health field at disasters.