s. basharpour

This study set out to predict the symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children based on character traits and irritability of mothers according to gender roles. The present study had a descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population of the study was comprised of all mothers of elementary school students with symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Districts 5 and 7 of Tehran in the 2019-2020 school year. The sample was drawn using the purposive sampling method (N= 230). The research instruments included the Temperament & Character Inventory (Cloninger, 1994), Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales (1999) and The EAS Temperament Questionnaire (Buss & Plomin, 1984). Descriptive statistics as well as multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Data analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between character traits and irritability of mothers with symptoms of ADHD in children (β= 0.56, P≤0.001). The results also demonstrated that gender in interaction with mothers' character traits and irritability could not predict the symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity in children (β= 0.052, P≤0.001). Based on the results, it can be concluded that some of the personality and character traits of mothers underlie the symptoms of ADHD in children. Therefore, paying attention to the personality characteristics of parents can prove helpful in the treatment of children with ADHD symptoms.

Death، an inevitable concept that associates with human being all the time، can cause significant anxiety in every individual. Literature suggests that some medical professionals choose the field because of their own inner struggles with the notion of death. The present research aimed to examine the relationship between hope level with death obsession and death anxiety in nursing students.

175 nursing students (101 females، 74 males) had been chosen through random stratified sampling method from Medical Sciences University nursing college students، and they were assessed by Hope Scale (HS)، Death Obsessive Scale (DOS) and Death Anxiety Scale (DAS). The data was analyzed using correlation and stepwise regression analysis method.

Findings showed that there was significant negative relationship between hope and death rumination، death dominance، death idea repetition and death anxiety. Also there was significant positive relationship between death anxiety with death rumination، death dominance and death idea repetition. The regression analysis showed that death anxiety and death idea repetition were able to predict 22/8 percent of the variance of hope between nursing students.

The result of this research emphasizes the need for recognizing the role of hope in decreasing negative death attitude.