sara mohammadzadeh

This article examines the concept of Fana Fillah from the perspective of the Quran and the Hadiths of Imam Ali (A.S.) and provides a psychological analysis of it. Fana Fillah, meaning annihilation in the Divine Essence and the elimination of worldly attachments, is elaborated upon in Quranic verses and the Hadiths of Imam Ali (A.S.). The first section analyzes relevant Quranic verses and various interpretations of Fana Fillah. The second section reviews the Hadiths of Imam Ali (A.S.) on this concept and compares them with Quranic definitions. The third section offers a psychological analysis, demonstrating how Fana Fillah can impact mental health and behavior. The findings indicate that Fana Fillah, besides being a spiritual and religious goal, can serve as a psychological tool to improve mental health and enhance life quality. The article provides suggestions for future research in comparative studies between religions, clinical and psychological studies, and philosophical and mystical analyses.

The synchronous expression of antigen and adjuvant proteins in plant hosts presents an intriguing potential for vaccine production and the enhancement of appropriate immune responses. In this study, we examined the expression of bioactive murine interferon-gamma (mIFN-γ) along with HBsAg in tobacco and lettuce leaves aimed to further perform the analysis of immune responses in the mouse model.

Monocistronic and bicistronic cassettes, carrying genes encoding mIFN-γ and HBsAg in various orders, were constructed. These cassettes were placed under the control of the 35S CaMV promoter and included the 5ʹ leader sequence of Tobacco Ech Virus (TEV). Through Agrobacterium infiltration, the cassettes were transferred into plant leaves. The concentration of mIFN-γ in different constructs and HBsAg was tested by ELISA. Murine IFN-γ was characterized through Western blotting, and its bioactivity was evaluated by assessing the up-regulation of MHC class II in macrophages derived from mouse bone marrow.

Extracts of agroinfiltrated leaves contained recombinant mIFN-γ and HBsAg proteins at about 14 unit/mg</em> and 50 ng/mg</em> of soluble protein, respectively. Subsequently, mIFN-γ was purified from the plant extract and its ability to up-regulate MHC class II in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages was confirmed by immunofluorescence.

The co-expression of recombinant HBsAg and mIFN-γ using TEV 5ʹ leader-based cassettes in tobacco and lettuce leaves produced both proteins with active mIFN-γ in different concentrations. The attractive utility and feasibility of using plant transient co-expression systems aimed to co-delivery of vaccine antigen and appropriate cytokine to elicit immune response for different applications.

Considering the different views on social responsibility and the expansion of the corporate social responsibility concept, the purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between investment efficiency and corporate social responsibility with regard to the effectiveness of managers' behavior with emphasis on the hierarchical approach.

The data of 102 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period from 2011 to 2020 have been analyzed using the dynamic panel data approach and the GMM method.

The findings of the research showed that although increasing the social responsibility of companies does not improve the efficiency of investment, increasing the overconfidence of managers improves the efficiency of investment. Despite of managers who are not willing to increase the efficiency of investment through internal financing, companies with high social responsibility tend to increase investment efficiency by internal financing.

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) means combining the best available evidence with clinical experiences, as well as patients’ values and expectations. The findings of our previous systematic review, published in 2014, indicated that EBP faces numerous barriers.

The present study aimed to update the findings of the previous research by reviewing studies published after 2014.

The data were collected by searching the relevant keywords in PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Google Scholar between 2014 and 2021. The articles were screened based on their titles, abstracts, and full texts, respectively. The data were extracted using a data extraction form consisting of the author, year, country, type of study, area of study, list of barriers, and their number in each study. Finally, the data was analyzed, summarized, and reported using content analysis by descriptive statistics, such as percentage and frequency.

Finally, 77 articles were included in the study. Only 13% of the studies were conducted in low and middle-income countries. The extracted barriers were categorized into five areas of specialized/hospital care, primary health care, rehabilitation care, medical education, and healthcare management and decision making. Based on the content-analysis results, barriers were divided into six main themes: system-level barriers, barriers related to the evidence, individual-related, communicational, resource, patient-related, and external barriers. Lack of time, support, and skills had the highest repetition, respectively.
Implications for Practice: The results of our previous study were updated, and further barriers were identified and reported. Policymakers and managers can use the results as a practical guide to expand and improve EBP and remove barriers.

Rapid development of technologies, their increasing complexity and variety, together with limited organizational resources and efforts for survival in industrial competitions have made the task of appropriate technology selection a major challenge. The present research is aimed at the formulation of technology strategy related to oil production in one of the west Karoon oil fields in Iran. At the first, the processes and challenges of production in the studied oil field are recognized by the experts’ survey. Then, the priority of the challenges is evaluated and four key challenges of the considered field are recognized by using a paired comparison questionnaire and Chang Fuzzy AHP. In the next step, the existing and new technologies of oil production in the four recognized key challenges are determined. For each of the recognized technologies, the attractiveness assessment and capability assessment questionnaire are designed based on Jolly indexes and distribute in a sample composed of production engineering experts. Sampling is done by the non-random and purposive-judgmental method. Based on the results of the questionnaires, the attractiveness-capability matrix is designed by Morin’s model, and then based on the obtained technology portfolio, the strategies of each of the four areas are formulated and discussed.

The tumor suppressing protein p53 and its downstream effector p21 play important roles in cell cycle regulation. Deficiency or deactivation of these proteins as a result of gene alterations has been indicated in several cancers. Such genetic variations could be considered as susceptibility indicators in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Therefore, we investigated the associations between ALL risk and TP53 codon 72, p21 codon 31, and MDM2 SNP309 polymorphisms in an Iranian population.

Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to determine the MDM2 T309G (rs2279744), TP53 codon Arg72Pro (rs1042522), and p21 Ser31Arg (rs1801270) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This study was performed in 115 ALL patients and 115 healthy controls in Khuzestan province in southwest Iran.

In the control group and ALL patients, p21 Ser/Arg, and MDM2 TG and GG genotypes were associated with significant 1.81-fold (95% confidence interval CI= 1.008-3.267; P ˂ 0.05), 11.07-fold (95% CI= 5.10-24.05; P < 0.0001), and 19.41-fold (95% CI= 8.56-43.99; P < 0.0001) increased risks for ALL, respectively. The TP53 72 Arg allele was significantly more prevalent in ALL patients (56.96%) than in control subjects (47.39%), and was significantly associated with ALL (OR= 1.47; 95% CI = 1.017-2.121, P < 0.05).

The MDM2 T309G and the p21 Ser31Arg SNPs indicate a significantly increased risk for developing ALL in Khuzestan province.

Hepatitis c virus (HCV), prevalent among 3% of the world population, is a major worldwide public health concern and an effective vaccination could help to overcome this problem. Plant seeds as low-cost vaccine expression platforms are highly desirable to produce antigens.. The present study was aimed at investigating the possible expression of recombinant HCV core protein, as a leading HCV vaccine candidate, in canola (Brassica napus) plant seeds in order to be used as an effective immunogen for vaccine researches.. A codon-optimized gene harboring the Kozak sequence, 6 × His-tag, HCVcp (1 - 122 residues) and KDEL (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu) peptide in tandem was designed and expressed under the control of the seed specific promoter, fatty acid elongase 1 (FAE1), to accumulate the recombinant protein in canola (B. napus L.) seeds. Transgenic lines were screened and the presence of the transgene was confirmed in the T0 plants by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The quantity and quality of the HCV core protein (HCVcp) in transgenic seeds were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot, respectively.. Western blot analysis using anti-His antibody confirmed the presence of a 15 kDa protein in the seeds of T1 transgenic lines. The amount of antigenic protein accumulated in the seeds of these transgenic lines was up to 0.05% of the total soluble protein (TSP).. The canola oilseeds could provide a useful expression system to produce HCV core protein as a vaccine candidate..

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is major cause of liver cirrhosis in humans. HCV capsid (core) protein (HCVcp) is a highly demanded antigen for various diagnostic, immunization and pathogenesis studies. Plants are considered as an expression system for producing safe and inexpensive biopharmaceutical proteins. Although invention of transgenic (stable) tobacco plants expressing HCVcp with proper antigenic properties was recently reported, no data for “transient-expression” that is currently the method of choice for rapid, simple and lower-priced protein expression in plants is available for HCVcp. The purpose of this study was to design a highly codon-optimized HCVcp gene for construction of an efficient transient-plant expression system for production of HCVcp with proper antigenic properties in a regional tobacco plant (Iranian Jafarabadi-cultivar) by evaluation of different classes of vectors and suppression of gene-silencing in tobacco. A codon-optimized gene encoding the Kozak sequence, 6xHis-tag, HCVcp (1-122) and KDEL peptide in tandem (from N- to C-terminal) was designed and inserted into potato virus-X (PVX) and classic pBI121 binary vectors in separate cloning reactions. The resulted recombinant plasmids were transferred into Agrobacterium tumefaciens and vacuum infiltrated into tobacco leaves. The effect of gene silencing suppressor P19 protein derived from tomato bushy stunt virus on the expression yield of HCVcp by each construct was also evaluated by co-infiltration in separate groups. The expressed HCVcp was evaluated by dot and western blotting and ELISA assays. The codon-optimized gene had an increased adaptation index value (from 0.65 to 0.85) and reduced GC content (from 62.62 to 51.05) in tobacco and removed the possible deleterious effect of “GGTAAG” splice site in native HCVcp. Blotting assays via specific antibodies confirmed the expression of the 15 kDa HCVcp. The expression level of HCVcp was enhanced by 4-5 times in P19 co-agroinfiltrated plants with better outcomes for PVX, compared to pBI121 vector (0.022% versus 0.019% of the total soluble protein). The plant-derived HCVcp (pHCVcp) could properly identify the HCVcp antibody in HCV-infected human sera compared to Escherichia coli-derived HCVcp (eHCVcp), indicating its potential for diagnostic/immunization applications. By employment of gene optimization strategies, use of viral-based vectors and suppression of plant-derived gene silencing effect, efficient transient expression of HCVcp in tobacco with proper antigenic properties could be possible.