shahram mahboubizadeh

Acute or chronic myocardial damage has long been considered a tipping point for individual health and progression to heart failure. To address this issue, the popularity of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds is increasing due to their structural resemblance to the extracellular matrix (ECM). The material used in these structures may be a natural polymer or a synthetic one of disparate materials. Each method possesses both advantages and disadvantages. Using a natural-based polymer including Alginate in the electrospinning solution does not give the scaffold enough mechanical strength, also the absence of adhesion molecules, such as RGD sequences, or transmembrane glycoproteins in alginate significantly reduces cell-alginate interactions, thereby limiting cell adhesion. Therefore, adding Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) synthetic polymer to the Alginate enhances its mechanical properties for application on cardiac tissue electrospun scaffolds. On the other hand, Piezoelectricity aids cell growth in cardiac tissue. This article individually reviews the advantages and disadvantages of PVA, alginate, and piezo materials, and also suggests the composite electrospun as a promising scaffold in cardiac tissue engineering

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are gaining attention as useful nanomaterials because of their outstanding optical, physicochemical, and bio-compatible properties. Their strong fluorescence, high water solubility, and easy ability to be modified make them good options for biomedical uses, especially in eye-related drug delivery and diagnosis. This review highlights how CQDs can improve high-resolution imaging, targeted drug and gene delivery, and antioxidant therapy for eye diseases. Their ability to enhance drug retention and reduce oxidative stress in conditions like diabetic retinopathy and cataracts shows their clinical importance. The review focuses on recent advancements in CQDs for diagnosing and treating eye diseases, particularly drug delivery. Further research and development are needed, but the progress may lead to new and effective ocular nano-medicines.

Liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma, is a prevalent and deadly malignancy underscoring the imperative for the development of novel treatment modalities for patients. HCC has emerged as a leading cause of cancer-related mortality on a global scale. Despite significant advancements in the field, HCC patients continue to exhibit a poor prognosis, underscoring the need for more effective therapeutic strategies. The primary treatment approach for advanced-stage HCC is currently focused on palliating symptoms rather than achieving a cure. The employment of microscale biomaterials offers a promising avenue for enhancing outcomes in these patients. These therapy techniques include bland embolization (TAE), transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), conventional transarterial chemoembolization (cTACE), drug-eluting beads TACE (DEB-TACE), and transarterial radioembolization (TARE). These are used when conventional methods fail or are not able to do much. These techniques involve the local injection of drugs, biomaterials, and embolic agents, with the objective of controlling tumor growth or reducing tumor burden. This review examines studies on these techniques with a focus on their application in various clinical settings and their potential combination with other local or systemic therapies.  A multidisciplinary approach is essential to provide patients with the best possible care.

Simulation is one of the methods of interest in various industries, including automobile manufacturing, to reduce the costs, material wastage, and increase the productivity. Simulation has an effective role in reducing process costs and as a result can lead to an increase in productivity in part manufacturing processes. Also, the simulation reduces the environmental pollution caused by the prototypes. In the meantime, it is important to pay attention to the simulation of casting processes, and in the current research, a car engine tappet part is made using analysis simulation and a real sample. The results show that the simulation has played an effective role in identifying possible defects and making a healthy part, and also in the real sample, the presence of carbide and ledeburite structures has been a factor in increasing the hardness of the part. Finally, the increase in hardness may increase the wear resistance of this part, which plays an effective role in the performance of the car engine.

One of the concerns of today's industrial societies is to achieve sustainable development through the reduction of waste materials or the decrease in the emission of greenhouse gases such as CO2 which today is stated in many international agreements and requirements for it has been concluded by the agreements between the countries of the world, and due to the increasing trend of global warming it is possible to create more encouraging or binding agreements, therefore many researchers are trying to achieve these goals. There are various ways to reduce the production of greenhouse gases during the construction of parts and building materials, and a significant part of them have been directed towards the production of a new type of environmentally friendly material called geopolymers. This category of materials, which have the ability to use waste materials as raw materials for their construction due to their very good mechanical and chemical properties, has been able to find various applications that, due to their similarity to concrete structures, are suitable alternatives for them as structures and building materials. In the following research, an attempt has been made to study geopolymers from the point of view of their formation, applications and properties.

Polymer composites have been widely welcomed by researchers due to their low weight, desirable mechanical properties, and various production methods than other types of composites. In this article, first, the activities and studies of researchers have been reviewed in the view point of make polymer composites with higher mechanical properties and how to measure important mechanical properties and related tests. In the other section, the types of reinforcements used in polymer-based composites are reviewed in terms of type (natural or synthetic), surface shape and morphology as well as their impact on mechanical properties. According to the results and studies, it was found that the strength of composite specimens made is directly related to the shape and amount of reinforcement used. Also, if the contact surface of the reinforcement with the polymer matrix is increased, the mechanical properties of the composite will increase. In this regard, two-dimensional nanoparticle and fiber reinforcements have a higher strength than composites containing particle reinforcements.