tarek a. mahmoud

This innovative study investigates the flow of ternary hybrid nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms in microchannel. The magnetic field, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion effects are analyzed. The transformation of the PDEs system into ODEs is carried out by using the group transformation method. The innovative findings examine the Newtonian and non-Newtonian models derived from the system of ODEs. Several graphs illustrate how different parameters affect the velocity profile, temperature, concentration, and microorganisms. The power-law index value increases the fluid flow velocity by about 9% at n = 3, 36% at n = 4 relative to the case of n = 2.5 at the center of the boundary layer. Moreover, the ternary hybrid nanofluid exhibits a greater temperature compared to the nanofluid. The current results are compared to the researchers' findings to confirm the validity of the obtained results. When the Prandtl number is between 6 and 10, the Nusselt number reaches 45.49%.

This work was motivated by studying the behavior of nanofluid adjacent to a moving vertical plate. A non-homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles inside the boundary layer was considered with variable Brownian and thermal diffusion coefficients throughout the layer. Employing group similarity transformation method transformed the governing mathematical model into a system of ordinary differential equations. The resultant system was numerically solved using shooting method. The numerical investigation was carried out for different parameters namely: Prandtl number, Pr, temperature difference ratio, Υ, and the ratio of nanoparticles volumetric fraction difference, Υφ, and the attained results were illustrated graphically to examine their effect on different fluid characteristics. The results showed that increasing Pr values decreased the nanofluid velocity, shear stress, temperature distribution and nanoparticles volumetric fraction, while it increased the heat flux and nanoparticles gradient inside the boundary layer. On the other hand, increasing Υ values increased the nanofluid velocity, shear stress and heat flux but it decreased the temperature distribution. Also, increasing Υφ values decreased the nanofluid velocity, shear stress and temperature distribution but it increased the heat flux. The characteristics of nanofluids were studied to enhance the thermal conductivity and the efficiency of heat transfer systems. A comparison between the obtained results and the previous published results indicated an excellent agreement.