y. pan

This study aims to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer (BC) patients with different genotypes who underwent radiotherapy. The goal is to explore the relationship between these characteristics and the risk of recurrence, providing valuable insights for clinical adjuvant therapy.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on pathological data of 256 BC patients who underwent surgical resection and radiotherapy. Data included age structure, tumor diameter and grading, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) indicators, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and the cell proliferation antigen marker (Ki-67). Multifactorial analysis was employed to assess correlations.

The distribution of BC patients in the low, medium-high, and high-risk groups was 70.9%, 23.2%, and 5.6%, respectively. Multifactorial analysis revealed that PR, Ki-67 expression, and histological grading were independent factors influencing the RS score, with corresponding P values less than 0.05. They were positively correlated (P < 0.001) with Ki-67 expression levels and tumor tissue grading, and negatively correlated with hormonal indicators. The short-term probability of survival for patients with the four staged BC in the low-risk group was 82.34%, 76.12%, 62.13%, and 60.23%, and 23.69%, respectively. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients and those with Luminal B BC exhibited a higher risk of metastasis (P < 0.05).

The pathological characteristics of BC patients with different genotypes showed significant differences. TNBC patients and those with Luminal B BC should be particularly vigilant about their risk of recurrence and metastasis, and strengthen prognostic considerations.

An axial piston pump can produce a serious cavitation phenomenon in the high- and low-pressure transition process. Cavitation bubbles expand, compress, rebound and collapse when they enter the high-pressure oil drainage area. This affects the outlet flow ripple as well as the pressure pulsation of the piston pump. However, the effect of the cavitation bubbles is ignored in the current outlet flow ripple model of axial piston pumps. It affects the optimization design of the axial piston pump distribution area structure parameters with the objective of reducing the pressure and flow rate. Therefore, a method of optimizing the fluid dynamic characteristics and the flow distribution area structure parameters of an axial piston pump considering the cavitation bubble evolution is proposed. A single-cavity dynamic model was established to study the bubble evolution as the piston chamber pressure changes. According to the cavitation cloud (group cavitation) characteristics of the axial piston pump, theoretical models of the outlet flow ripple and the pressure pulsation of a piston pump were established considering the cavitation bubble characteristics. The influence of cavitation characteristics on the outlet flow ripples and pressure pulsation of the axial piston pump was analyzed and compared with that without cavitation. Comparison with the experimental results, verified that the outlet flow ripple model becomes more accurate when cavitation bubble characteristics are considered. Based on the multi-agent particle swarm optimization (MAPSO) algorithm, an optimization model of the piston pump outlet flow ripple was established considering the cavitation bubble characteristics. The optimized design parameters for the flow distribution area of the axial piston pump were evaluated. The proposed method can provide theoretical guidance for the design of a low flow ripple axial piston pump.