syavash

A Man lives in the framework of a great historical and social transformation process and is along generations of the past who all learned biological and religious teachings from their parents and benefited from their experience in different social, religious and historical situations. Therefore, the reason for creating a unified society can guide everyone's mind towards a systematic process that originates from a collective memory. Halbwachs is one of the philosophers who described his theory of collective memory based on three stages. 1- Indigenization of memory 2- Commemoration based on a historical story and 3- Formation of religious memory according to the beliefs of the predecessors; In fact, human memory can restore the full mental capacity to recall past events and experiences. The purpose of this research is to investigate the course of collective memory in the formation of the mourning ritual with the help of collective memory based on the theories of Halbwachs, which was carried out in an analytical-descriptive method and with library sources, and in the end it came to the conclusion that the religious society always It follows its religious origin and returns to its original nature with changes at each stage and guarantees the solidarity of a society with a central religious idea.

In the prehistoric cultures، the annual ritual of death and re-birth of the vegetation god is a fundamental myth of the tragic romance about the relationship between the god and the fertility goddess or her human counterpart and her mate: the martyr lord- hero. Such accounts are closely linked with the early man’s thoughts concerning time cycle، the cyclical sequence of the calendar and the belief in the repeatability of the nature’s cycle of death and birth. These narratives have a universal pattern and in Persian epic poetry are connected with the story of Syavash and Sudabeh، primarily originating from the mythological account of the same story. The story is connected with the myth of Rapihwin’s descent into the underground (along with Winter) and his role in the preservation of nature، the warmth of waters and the fertility of earth and his subsequent return (along with Spring and rejuvenation of nature). The first part of this pattern is comparable with migration and mortality of Syavash and the second part with the return of Kai Khosrow.

Abstract The main mission of the comparative literature is to describe the trajectory of relations among world nations and to emphasize and develop intellectual, literary and cultural exchanges. The potential and literary capacity of Shahnameh is comparable with any epic work. Therefore, in Shahnameh, Ferdowsi's great work that is a national and natural epic is comparable with Virjil’s work, Enne Eed, that is the paramount example of the artifact classic. Thus, this article aims to the comparison and study of the aspects of differentiation and sharing between the pivotal and epic characters of these two valuable works.