difficulty

AfzalodinBadilebn Ali KhaqaniShavani, in addition to Divan and Khatmolghareb, has written epistles and letters (Monshaât). The importance of these epistles and letters, beside literary value of them, is that they include important information about poet life. Because of difficulty of this text, the researches about these letters is very limited and finite. The best correction of these epistles and letters is undergone by Mohammad Roushan’ efforts, in turn his correction is indebted to Minovi and Forozanfar guidance and decoding’s. In this essay, we study and survey the record of a few phrases of this correction. I hope this attempt is a step to go forward the attempts of that learned and noble mans.

Unlike ancient rhetoricians who rejected ambiguity altogether, modern theorists consider it as a value. This article, initially, presents a historical survey as well as the modern approaches to ambiguity and highlights the modern aesthetic tendency toward ambiguity and polysemy. After the early years of 20th century, ambiguity was considered as the essential essence of literary texts by literary critics and theorists. Second, the article discusses the value of ambiguity in literary works and draws a borderline between difficulty and polysemy (i.e. pluralization and multiple meaning). Then, it introduces some kinds of ambiguity and elaborates on their distinct features. Meanwhile, this article pinpoints the basic deference between language and literature through emphasizing the value and function of ambiguity. The main purpose of the article, then, is to emphasis that "ambiguity as inherent nature of literature" and stresses the principle saying: "the artistic value of a literary work and the secret of its eternality depend on the amount of its ambiguity". If one ignores the ambiguity in literary texts, he would lose its spirit and essential essence. Ambiguity causes an interaction between reader and text and fosters the ability of meaning creation by readers. Through persuading the readers to react to the content of text, ambiguity provides the opportunities for generations to engage in different dialogues with text across time and history.