lessons learned

The Caspian Sea is a closed sea whose legal regime has not been determined until today. The main problem of the non-establishment of the Caspian legal regime is rooted in its geographical conditions. Convention 2891 left the establishment of the legal regime of the closed seas in the hands of its coastal countries. The lack of consensus on how to determine the boundaries turned the Caspian into one of the critical regions. The special geopolitical conditions after the collapse of the Soviet Union became the basis for territorialization, sphere of influence, and competition between regional powers. It challenged the past agreements and regional cooperation, including the determination of the legal regime, and was able to delay it. . The aim of the current research is to explain the geopolitical lessons of legal studies in the Caspian region The following article seeks to examine the experiences and lessons learned related to the legal agreements of the Caspian Sea, focusing on its political aspects. The dominant approach is qualitative research and its type is qualitative content analysis in terms of its practical purpose and its implementation method. The method of collecting data and information is based on the library method and the opinion of experts in the research field has been used to confirm the themes extracted. The findings of the research indicate the existence of six main areas related to the lessons learned from the legal agreements of the Caspian Sea. The results of the research showed that the lessons learned from the political agreements of the Caspian basin in the six dimensions of maintaining political independence, international treaties, diplomatic relations, political cooperation, demarcation of borders and international legal laws were the themes extracted regarding the agreements.

Studying and researching the 8-year war between Iraq and Iran in order to use public opinion and special use in the fields of training, improving the vision of the armed forces, organizing, and updating the methods and actions of non-agent defense is essential. Passive defense as a low-cost and useful defense tool is an issue that receives a lot of attention in the current era; In such a way that today it is one of the bases of battle and the principles that are used in wars.The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the experiences and measures of passive defense during the sacred defense era and using the structure of mixed research and descriptive-analytical method, and the technique of reviewing scientific documents and documents and expert interview was used to collect theoretical findings. The results of the research, which is based on the findings of 9 areas from the lessons learned in the sacred defense with the passive defense approach, show that the success of the passive defense in the war imposed by Iraq against Iran depended on several factors, which in total play a significant role in protecting the people, forces, Infrastructures, facilities were responsible for military successes and reduction of human casualties in the war. Another result of the research is the use of lessons learned in the plans and strategic and operational plans of different areas of passive defense of the country to deal with similar and new threats.