theory of constructivism

Saudi Arabia has designed an economic vision called the 2030 Development Plan and has mobilized its resources and policies to achieve it. based on that, the ministries and agencies of Saudi Arabia are obliged to double their capabilities and study important developments from various directions. Saudi Arabia's vision 2030 promotes structural economic changes in the country and promotes transparency, accountability, citizen participation and more open economic and social spaces. This plan, if successful in the long run, can reconfigure the relationship between the government and citizens and change the entire political system. This article tries to answer whether Saudi Arabia's 2030 vision can shape a democratic transition process in this country and ultimately contribute to the democratization of the country. Relying on the concepts of democratic transition, and Giddens' theory of constructivism as a theoretical framework, this article adopts an analytical-descriptive approach to understand the relationship between economic reforms and democratization. The findings of the research indicate that the goals of designing this document on the part of the Saudi government, in response to the events of 2014, were to curb internal and external changes, monopolize power, and grant new legitimacy to the system at home and abroad, and the government, in designing this document, It has not had a desire for democratic reforms, and the disproportion between the economic development planned in the 2030 document and the political development in the traditionalist structure of Saudi Arabia, this document cannot ultimately draw a path towards democracy in this country  Conclusions & SuggestionsThese factors are considered important and decisive in determining human agents' behaviors. From this viewpoint, the lack of democracy and democratic transition are analyzed considering the political and socio-cultural red flags and constraints in the institutionalized structures. Accordingly, each society develops differently from others, and its political participation is based on its criteria, norms, and historical conditions. Some societies move more slowly and others more quickly toward democratic standards. However, it seems that Saudi Arabia faces numerous and serious obstacles in this path.

Market-oriented policies and liberal economic policies pursued by Turgut Özal in the 1980s in Turkey, had initiated several structural changes in the cultural, economic and political spheres in the country. Constructive and cultural perceptions of Islam, expansion and strengthening the role of the bourgeoisie Muslim community- based and finally hegemony of Islamist Justice and Development Party’s ideas in recent decade are obvious appearances of these structural changes. This article is planned in the framework of constructivism approach based on the dynamics and logic of developments in Turkey. At First, for a deeper understanding of the historical, cultural and political roots of Turkey, the relationship between government and society was investigated in the Ottoman period and Atatürk. This article is an attempt to illustrate constructive, dialogical and identity-based perceptions of Islam, as major factors of relative institutionalization of democracy in Turkey. In fact, the main question of the paper is that which perception of Islam has resulted in relative establishment and consolidation of democracy in Turkey. It is worth to mention that the events happened in Turkey at Spring 2013 made it essential to have a deeper review of this issue. Environmental protest that s began because of cutting down Gezi Park trees, quickly won the title of greatest social movement in Turkey at the two past decades. The present article considers this event as the continuation of Turkey's democratic process logic and analyzes in this regard. A qualitative research method was used in this paper and documentary method was used for data collection.