linguistic functions

With the expansion of interdisciplinary studies, linguistics, which is the science of language study, as a science that has various applications in the humanities, also found a special place in the field of Quranic research. One of the linguistic approaches to Qur'anic studies is structural semantics, which studies the Holy Qur'an in a new way. Therefore, this research, which has been done by content analysis method, seeks to study the words of the Holy Qur'an in the two groups of Meccan and Madani, extract linguistic functions and find cohesion or noncohesion of meaning between them. For this purpose, first, the most frequent Meccan and Madani special words of the Holy Qur'an were extracted and after examining the lexical and semantic information by drawing tables and diagrams, the linguistic functions were extracted and their semantic relations were examined. The results of the studies showed that the language functions used in the two groups are different and the words studied in each group have a thematic and conceptual relationship.

Surah Al-Hujurat outlines a precise and coherent process of institutionalizing moral and educational values, explained for humans to achieve excellence and perfection. This surah, which is known as the most ethical surah of the Holy Qurʾan, has used various communication patterns to convey the intended message to the audience. The present research, while analyzing the linguistic roles and communication elements, based on Jacobsen's model of verbal communication, has investigated the different functions of these roles in Surah Al-Hujurat. This research aimed to illuminate the influence of language roles on the audience and the frequency of each of them, and to identify various communication effects based on the meaning of the ayahs of this surah. The results show that linguistic functions are an efficient tool for understanding the message of the Qurʾanic ayahs and a suitable way of planning communication patterns to influence the audience as much as possible. According to Jacobsen's communication model, the highest frequency of linguistic functions in Surah Al-Hujurat is related to emotive function in 13 ayahs and the lowest frequency is in conative function that appeared in three ayahs. In addition, the phatic function cannot be ignored in this surah, because God, as the sender of the message, has explained many educational and social concepts to the audience by using different verbs of command and prohibition.