جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تفاوت جنسیت » در نشریات گروه « تربیت بدنی »

Muscle injuries are one of the most common reasons for missed playing time in the football, and the hamstring muscle is one of the most common injures. The role of this muscle in supporting ligaments is also important. In spite of different structural and kinematic features of the hamstring in men and women, a few studies have investigated these differences; therefore, The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of six weeks of Nordic hamstring training on the isokinetic strength of the hamstring muscle of elite female and male soccer players.

24 soccer players (12 female and 12 male) from youth first division league in Tehran province participated in this study. The isokinetic strength of the hamstrings and quadriceps muscles at various angular velocities was measured. After the pre-test, the subjects performed six weeks of Nordic exercise as part of their warm-up.

Performing Nordic hamstring exercises caused a significant difference in the isokinetic strength of the hamstring muscle after the test and at angular speeds of 60, 180 and 300 degrees per second, as well as a significant difference in the ratio of the isokinetic strength of the hamstrings to the quadriceps at a speed of 60 degrees per second between of elite female and male soccer players (P=0.001).

It is concluded that Nordic hamstring exercise improve isokinetic strength of the hamstring muscles and reducing the risk of injury in the knee joint.

The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Persian version of exercise dependence scale, prevalence of exercise dependence and some related factors in male and female athletes clubs of Urmia. Subjects of this research were 325 athletes in the sample (206 males; 119 females, mean age 28.06±8 years) various team and individual sports (team sports N= 195, individual sports N=130) in the form of voluntary and available attend in this study. Hausenblas and Downs (2002) exercise dependence scale 21 with seven subscale was the instruments of the study. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine validity of questionnaire, and Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient was used to determine internal consistency. The results showed that the validity of exercise dependence scale 21 is desirable. Also the results showed that in this study the prevalence of exercise dependence between men and women population is not very different from each other and exercise dependence in individual sports is twice to team sports. Since exercise dependence may exist among a wide range of athletes, therefore, in order to address the adverse effects of this factor, it is necessary to examine the underlying causes and trying to modify it.

This research aimed at studying the differences of mental rotation performance in two groups (active and passive) with regards to their gender. The method of this research is causal-comparative and samples were selected targeted from physical education students and other humanities fields. The sample was included 80 students (physical education students=40 people & students of humanities field=40 people and each groups consists of 20 males & 20 females). Peters’ mental rotation test was used to measuring the performance of mental rotation. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for normality of data and two-way ANOVA test was used for comparison of means. The findings showed that there was a significant difference (P ≤0. 01) between mental rotation of physical education students in comparison with the humanities students. Also، there was a significant difference (P ≤0. 01) between the mental rotation in males towards females. Generally، the results indicate the superiority of the active students and males in the ability of mental rotation. Since physical activity enhances mental rotation، it may be assumed that physical activity enhances also other cognitive domains and is worth implementing in the education process.