fuzzy delphi method

Creative tourism has emerged to provide a unique experience by actively engaging tourists within their surroundings and transforming traditional tourism offerings. Due to a scarcity of related research, this article sought to explore the application of this innovative approach to tourism at heritage sites and identify the key factors contributing to its development. To achieve this objective, the fuzzy Delphi method was employed, relying on the qualitative consensus of expert opinions. Ultimately, 29 indicators were identified and organized into 10 criteria: heritage diversity, environmental education, co-creation, spatial creativity, safety and security, inviting environment, permeability and access, inclusiveness, participation and partnership, and recovery and promotion. Additionally, 3 components—creative experience, tourism infrastructure, and capacities—were highlighted. By considering these components and their subsets, a co-creative relationship could be fostered among tourists, local communities, tourism service providers, and the rich heritage tourism landscape, resulting in a distinctive and enriching experience.

Human population's desire for urban spaces which causes the formation of informal accommodation phenomenon, provides a context for the concept defined as quality of urban life. In this regard, recognize and prioritize the qualitative components in the form of physical–spatial characteristics, would be the main focus of this survey. In this study, the research method from is practical and to achieve the goal, both qualitative research method and survey strategy are applied. Collecting data, initially, is done through studying documents, direct site observation and also field impression of space users of informal settings in Mashhad along with survey analytical method via Fuzzy Delphi Technique and questionnaire survey. Finally, the achieved environmental qualities from Delphi Method are ranked based on Entropy Shannon Technique. The results of this study indicate the common problems and needs among the residents and their dissatisfaction with their living space. Based on the survey, in these 4 settlements, through conducting two stages of Delphi questionnaire, environmental criteria affecting the quality of life of settlers were achieved which were classified into 7 thematic categories via Shannon technique. The weight obtained for each category shows the importance of issues with a focus on security, people and activity which are subset of functional discussion in "sustainable place Model". Finally, the model of effective environmental quality indicators in informal settlements in which the weight of each category of indicators and the order of their significance is presented which explains the priority areas of qualitative intervention in these sectors.