urban functions

The spatial structure of the city includes the population distribution pattern and functions that are systematically connected through communication networks. In this regard, in order to reduce the imbalances in the spatial structure of the city, it is necessary to examine the spatial distribution of functions as well as the temporal patterns and population mobility related to these functions. Considering the importance of the subject, the aim of the current research is to examine the structure and functional cores of Tabriz metropolis from the perspective of spatial, temporal and human mobility patterns. The research method in the present research is descriptive-analytical with causal-correlation nature, in order to analyze the information was used in the density and spatial distribution of functional cores, the Kernel density estimation method and in the spatial relations of functions, Moran's index. The findings of the research show that based on the value of Moran's index for functional cores i.e. 0.317598 at the 99% confidence level and the value of the z-score index i.e. 15.000557, it can be said that the dispersion of functional cores is in clustering mode. Also, based on the results, it can be said that Tabriz metropolis is in a mononuclear state (city center) and due to the increase in the distribution of administrative, therapeutic and recreational functions in the eastern regions and industries in the western regions, the ability to transform into a multi-nuclear development pattern in the structure It has its own space. Time patterns and human mobility also confirm the single core of the city in the central part and the formation of sub-cores around the city. Therefore, rethinking the spatial distribution of functions with their optimal placement is an inevitable necessity in the spatial structure of Tabriz metropolis.

The function of small towns and their development depend on various factors that should be considered in their planning. This shows the necessity and importance of futurism in the function of small towns in the settlement system. The main purpose of this research is to foresight the functions of small towns in the urban system of  Fars central area up to 2031. This study tries to identify the key factors affecting the functioning of small towns in the urban system of the Fars central area and to draw possible scenarios for the next 10 years, predicting the overall trend. This research is practical in purpose, a combination of documentary and survey methods in terms of data collection, analytical in terms of method, and futuristic in terms of time. According to the nature of the research, structural analysis and scenario analysis methods were used in MICMAC and Scenario Wizard software. The results showed that 15 key factors affect the functioning of small towns in the study area. These 15 factors lead to 45 possible futures based on scenario analysis. After analyzing the possible situations, 12 scenarios with the highest compatibility were extracted, among which the future status of small towns in the urban system of the Fars central area in most scenarios will continue the current situation with a favorable trend.

The purpose of this study was to determine the evolution of environmental and social performance of Mashhad metropolitan residents on the happiness of its residents. The metod research was descriptive and analytical, and the required data were obtained using the Oxford Happiness Scale Questionnaire, which was rewritten to collect economic and social information and urban practices. The sample was 780 households in 155 neighborhoods of Mashhad. The collected data were analyzed using F and Chi-square and Hussman and Lemmer tests in SPSS software. The results showed that the eleven and twelve districts of Mashhad were in the first place with a score of 5.9 on the ladder of happiness and district three is at the lowest level with 0.5. Statistical tests also showed that the study areas had a significant difference in terms of happiness, but the happiness in each area did not change significantly over time. Finally, the values of F and X2 for the simultaneous test of cross-sectional and temporal constant effects were 10.7 and 308.5, respectively, indicating that there were constant effects for both regions and for each region over time.