multi-microgrids

The increasing growth of natural disasters and cyber-physical attacks has made developing resilience enhancement strategies for distribution networks become a significant challenge for researchers. Hence, in this paper, a black-start strategy based on multi-microgrids capability is presented in two layers of preventive and corrective measures within a hierarchical centralized energy management framework. The preventive measures layer is based on the regulation of black-start bilateral contracts between the active distribution network operator and the multi-microgrids owner, as well as the regulation of demand response contracts between the multi-microgrids owner and the microgrid response loads. The corrective measures layer includes islanding of microgrids during events, calling of responsive loads, and finally economic-resilient operational planning of the active distribution network in order black-start the distribution system. The developed model is formulated in the framework of hierarchical centralized energy management using an LP-metric-based multi-objective optimization approach, then it is solved by the DICOPT solver in the GAMS package. The effectiveness of the proposed black-start strategy is investigated by evaluating the supplied load as a resilience index on the modified IEEE 33-bus distribution network. The recovery of all the curtailed load of the distribution system after utilizing the proposed strategy indicates the efficiency of the proposed strategy indicates the effectiveness of the proposed black-start strategy.